Thank you.
I think it's a lack of education in general. Certainly I am housed in the faculty of education, but one element that came out of our study is that there's a general lack of education for coaches and players for understanding healthy masculinity and the ways in which they potentially commodify other people in their lives.
Then, obviously, there is education for parents. There is just a complete lack of education around gender at all. Certainly they are constantly schooled in gender, but they do not discuss gender in overt ways.
We think that the locker room culture was a huge issue with this. It's a space in which the young men and boys do not have a coach. There's a lot of discussion in the locker rooms and there's the idea that you have to keep things in the locker rooms.
I would ask parents about how children are being “adultified” in this process of commodification. You have young children at 12 and 13 years of age never getting a season off. It's not that they go play baseball in the summer; they're now going to hockey camps because they need to get ready for the next steps. I would be asking parents how they are playing into the commodification and the adultification of their child.
Often we think we don't need to talk to men and boys in hockey because they're a privileged group of people. As Teresa's other research is showing us, they need to be talking about their experiences with masculinity in the process of being made into a gender through hockey.