It's actually very simple. We find the cause, and then we treat it.
Let us take the example of men who are treated for andropause. I'll just illustrate the kind of disparity that exists. Men will often have a decrease in testosterone levels, around two or three times lower, and that's when they will be treated. It's an indication for treatment. There's no time limit. They can start at any age, and they can continue treatment for the rest of their lives. It's their decision. They will be given a dosage of bioidentical hormones.
When it comes to women, it becomes very complicated. There's a discussion, and then there's another discussion to determine whether it's appropriate to treat them. For women, though, their hormonal levels don't decrease by two or three times; it's in the order of 20 times lower. That means that the consequences are much more severe for women than for men. In the same way as with men, women can receive their own hormones, bioidentical hormones, which can be measured out. It's very simple. It's just too simple. That's what needs to be understood.
I'm pleased, because in 2025, the United Kingdom had a great study based on the same approach, with very few differences. It's something I was unfamiliar with. I think it was a group of frontline physicians who published an article in Menopause about this. They arrived at results similar to mine. They came to just about the same conclusions. We know that when it comes to validity in science, everything starts with observation. The results have to be replicable. I have been providing training for a long time. I have trained hundreds of doctors and hundreds of nurse practitioners. It can be seen. It's easy to treat.
When it comes to transgender women, the recommendations we have received are straightforward. Transgender women are still prescribed 17ß‑estradiol. This has been done for a long time. Conjugated estrogens would never be prescribed. According to the protocol currently in place in Toronto, all transgender women over 40 years old are told that they're going to get estradiol through transdermal patches, because it's safer. Here, there's still a dispute.
In addition, if there are cardiovascular risk factors in a woman under 40 years old, she is given transdermal doses. The dosage will be determined. The dosage will be determined in transgender women. The dosage will be determined in transgender men. The dosage will be determined in men, but when it comes to women, all of a sudden, it becomes very complicated. Why?
