High taxes and fees imposed on airlines and travellers create a competitive disadvantage for our aviation industry. Facing fewer travellers during the pandemic, a number of institutions have increased their fees to compensate. The federal costs that airlines absorb, such as airport rents, air traveller security charges, airport improvement fees, Nav Canada fees, city taxes and federal taxes, all play a role in why costs are so high.
There's also the landscape of our country being so vast, and our population being smaller than in other foreign jurisdictions, for example.