Mr. Speaker, I welcome the opportunity to speak to Bill S-233, an act to amend the Criminal Code with respect to assault against persons who provide health services and first responders. This bill would add an aggravating factor in the Criminal Code that applies to specific assault and assault-related offences when they are committed against first responders or persons who provide health care services.
At the outset, as others have, I would like to thank my colleague in the Senate for bringing this bill forward, as well as the hon. member for Cariboo—Prince George, who introduced, as we have heard, a previous version of this legislation. Their work has provided all of us the opportunity to reflect on an important and, indeed, critical issue that affects people across this country.
Every Canadian relies on the simple but essential promise that in a moment of crisis, help will come. When someone calls 911 in the face of a life-threatening emergency, they do so with the expectation that a first responder will arrive, whether that first responder be a firefighter, a paramedic or the Coast Guard. When a person or a loved one is seriously ill or injured, they rely on the presence of a health care professional who will provide care often, as we know, under the most difficult of circumstances.
In Canada, first responders are there for us on our worst days. They run toward danger when others are told to stay back and provide care in uncertain and chaotic environments, and they do so not for recognition, but out of a deep commitment to serving their communities. For that, they deserve not only our gratitude, but our protection.
I am very supportive of the objective of this bill, which is, broadly, to better protect first responders and health care workers. At the same time, we should also consider how Bill S-233 would interact with existing Criminal Code provisions, as well as additional proposed measures currently before Parliament.
Members may recall that the concerns about violence against health care workers, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, led to the enactment of, among other measures, an aggravating factor at sentencing that applies when a person is being sentenced for an offence committed against a person who is providing health services in the performance of their duties. Aggravating factors serve an important role in the criminal sentencing process. When they are present and proven beyond a reasonable doubt, the offence may be found to be more serious or the offender's responsibility may be heightened. As a result, they can result in longer sentences. Bill S-233 seeks to add a new statutory aggravating factor to the Criminal Code to ensure that when an assault is committed against first responders and health care workers, it is explicitly recognized.
I would note that this proposal is very similar to the aggravating factor that already exists in the Criminal Code, but it differs in two key respects.
First, the bill would ensure that first responders who are not responding to a medical emergency are protected. As it currently stands, the existing aggravating factor applies broadly to people providing health services, which can include first responders if they are providing medical services. A first responder in a non-medical emergency may not fall within the scope of the current provision. For example, a firefighter who is responding to a fire but not providing medical services would not fall within the scope of the current aggravating factor.
Second, the proposed approach in Bill S-233 would apply only to assault and some other assault-related offences, such as uttering threats, whereas the current aggravating factor, in contrast, applies to all offences in the Criminal Code. This is where the government's bill, Bill C-14, the bail and sentencing reform act, is stepping in. Bill C-14 proposes to expand the existing aggravating factor for offences against people providing health services to individuals or providing services as first responders. Importantly, as my colleague from Winnipeg South Centre noted in an earlier debate, it would take a broader approach than Bill S-233. Rather than applying only to certain assault-related offences, it would apply to all Criminal Code offences committed against first responders and health care workers.
While the legal framework is important, I would like to turn to why this issue requires our attention. In this, I think we are all aligned in the House. We have heard directly from those on the front lines about the challenges they face. As the Minister of Justice has said, good ideas stem from conversations with Canadians about their lived realities in the positions we are aiming to protect. Those conversations paint a troubling picture.
As my colleague from Winnipeg South Centre noted previously, the International Association of Fire Fighters, representing more than 350,000 firefighters and emergency medical workers across Canada and the United States, has called for stronger protections against threats and violence. Its data shows that violence is not an isolated occurrence but a reality that many first responders face with alarming frequency. Surveys have found that a significant proportion of firefighters have experienced violence while responding to emergencies, including both structure fires and medical calls.
This problem is not limited to one profession, nor is it confined to one region. My colleague from Winnipeg South Centre also spoke about the unacceptable rates of violence faced by paramedics in Ottawa and in Peel Region. Just this month, I saw a news article about an individual who was charged for threatening to shoot paramedics responding to a call in Windsor. These experiences, in addition to the other challenging aspects of the work that first responders do, undoubtedly take a serious toll on them with respect to their physical and mental health, and on their communities.
As one more of far too many examples of this, CBC News reported that between 2019 and 2025, more than 1,100 “Edmonton firefighters, paramedics and Edmonton Police Service...members have had to step away from [their work] due to psychological injuries”. These are deeply concerning realities. I would add that it goes without saying that in emergency situations, where seconds can mean the difference between life and death, any interference with the people providing assistance can have devastating consequences.
No one who sets out to save lives should have to fear for their own. No one who begins a shift as a first responder or a health care worker should have to wonder whether they themselves will be the victim of a crime before the day is done. Our justice system must send a clear and unequivocal message that this violence will not be tolerated.
We have a responsibility, as legislators, to respond. Bill S-233 represents an important contribution to that effort. Bill C-14 would offer a broader approach that may address some of the same concerns with respect to offences against first responders in a more comprehensive way. It will be for the House and committee to carefully study these proposals and determine the best path forward.
I believe that the committee's work would be invaluable. It would allow us to hear from experts, stakeholders and the people on the front lines and examine how these measures would operate in practice and how they could best achieve the objective we all share. I look forward to the study of the bill in committee, and I am hopeful that, working together, we can move forward measures that would better protect first responders and health care workers across Canada.