An Act for the Substantive Equality of Canada's Official Languages

An Act to amend the Official Languages Act, to enact the Use of French in Federally Regulated Private Businesses Act and to make related amendments to other Acts

Sponsor

Status

This bill has received Royal Assent and is, or will soon become, law.

Summary

This is from the published bill. The Library of Parliament often publishes better independent summaries.

Part 1 amends the Official Languages Act to, among other things,
(a) specify that all legal obligations related to the official languages apply at all times, including during emergencies;
(b) codify certain interpretative principles regarding language rights;
(c) provide that section 16 of that Act applies to the Supreme Court of Canada;
(d) provide that a final decision, order or judgment of a federal court that has precedential value is to be made available simultaneously in both official languages;
(e) provide for Government of Canada commitments to
(i) protect and promote French,
(ii) estimate the number of children whose parents are rights holders under section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms ,
(iii) advance formal, non-formal and informal opportunities for members of English and French linguistic minority communities to pursue quality learning in their own language throughout their lives, including from early childhood to post-secondary education, and
(iv) advance the use of English and French in the conduct of Canada’s external affairs;
(f) clarify the nature of the duty of federal institutions to take positive measures to implement certain Government of Canada commitments and the manner in which the duty is to be carried out;
(g) provide for certain positive measures that federal institutions may take to implement certain Government of Canada commitments, including measures to
(i) promote and support the learning of English and French in Canada, and
(ii) support sectors that are essential to enhancing the vitality of English and French linguistic minority communities and protect and promote the presence of strong institutions serving those communities;
(h) provide for certain measures that the Minister of Canadian Heritage may take to advance the equality of status and use of English and French in Canadian society;
(i) provide that the Minister of Citizenship and Immigration is required to adopt a policy on francophone immigration and that the policy is to include, among other things, objectives, targets and indicators;
(j) provide that the Government of Canada recognizes the importance of cooperating with provincial and territorial governments;
(k) provide that the Treasury Board is required to establish policies to give effect to certain parts of that Act, monitor and audit federal institutions for their compliance with policies, directives and regulations relating to the official languages, evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of policies and programs of federal institutions relating to the official languages and provide certain information to the public and to employees of federal institutions;
(l) enable the Commissioner of Official Languages to enter into compliance agreements and, in certain cases, to make orders; and
(m) enable the Commissioner of Official Languages to impose administrative monetary penalties on certain entities for non-compliance with certain provisions of Part IV of that Act.
It also makes a related amendment to the Department of Canadian Heritage Act .
Part 2 enacts the Use of French in Federally Regulated Private Businesses Act , which, among other things, provides for rights and duties respecting the use of French as a language of service and a language of work in relation to federally regulated private businesses in Quebec and then, at a later date, in regions with a strong francophone presence. That Act also allows employees of federally regulated private businesses to make a complaint to the Commissioner of Official Languages with respect to rights and duties in relation to language of work and allows the Commissioner to refer the complaint to the Canada Industrial Relations Board in certain circumstances. It also provides that the Minister of Canadian Heritage is responsible for promoting those rights. Finally, Part 2 makes related amendments to the Canada Labour Code .

Elsewhere

All sorts of information on this bill is available at LEGISinfo, an excellent resource from the Library of Parliament. You can also read the full text of the bill.

Votes

May 15, 2023 Passed 3rd reading and adoption of Bill C-13, An Act to amend the Official Languages Act, to enact the Use of French in Federally Regulated Private Businesses Act and to make related amendments to other Acts
May 11, 2023 Passed Concurrence at report stage of Bill C-13, An Act to amend the Official Languages Act, to enact the Use of French in Federally Regulated Private Businesses Act and to make related amendments to other Acts
May 11, 2023 Passed Bill C-13, An Act to amend the Official Languages Act, to enact the Use of French in Federally Regulated Private Businesses Act and to make related amendments to other Acts (report stage amendment)
May 11, 2023 Passed Bill C-13, An Act to amend the Official Languages Act, to enact the Use of French in Federally Regulated Private Businesses Act and to make related amendments to other Acts (report stage amendment)
May 11, 2023 Passed Bill C-13, An Act to amend the Official Languages Act, to enact the Use of French in Federally Regulated Private Businesses Act and to make related amendments to other Acts (report stage amendment)
May 30, 2022 Passed 2nd reading of Bill C-13, An Act to amend the Official Languages Act, to enact the Use of French in Federally Regulated Private Businesses Act and to make related amendments to other Acts
May 30, 2022 Failed 2nd reading of Bill C-13, An Act to amend the Official Languages Act, to enact the Use of French in Federally Regulated Private Businesses Act and to make related amendments to other Acts (amendment)
May 30, 2022 Failed 2nd reading of Bill C-13, An Act to amend the Official Languages Act, to enact the Use of French in Federally Regulated Private Businesses Act and to make related amendments to other Acts (subamendment)
May 20, 2022 Passed Time allocation for Bill C-13, An Act to amend the Official Languages Act, to enact the Use of French in Federally Regulated Private Businesses Act and to make related amendments to other Acts

April 25th, 2023 / 3:45 p.m.
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Conservative

Joël Godin Conservative Portneuf—Jacques-Cartier, QC

Thank you, Mr. Chair.

I am here to show the importance that we in the Conservative Party of Canada place on the two official languages. I think it is important that this be reflected in all our legislation.

We have studied Bill C-13, which we will probably be debating tomorrow in the House of Commons. I am not revealing anything that is not already public. I think the importance of the two official languages needs to be specified in all future legislation, and for that reason I am proposing amendment CPC-0.1. I am going to read it.

First, I propose that Bill C-35 be amended by replacing lines 23 and 24 on page 3 with the following:child care system, including in both official languages, and its commitment to ongoing collaboration with the provinces, Indigenous peoples and official language minority communities

Second, I propose that it be amended by replacing, in the French version, line 24 on page 3 with the following:nue avec les provinces, les peuples autochtones et les communautés de langue officielle en situation minoritaire afin

Third, I propose that it be amended by replacing lines 28 and 29 on page 3 with the following: taining long-term funding for the provinces, Indigenous peoples and official language minority communities for the establishment and mainte-

In fact, what is important is that when we studied Bill C-13 on official languages, a number of organizations testified about the importance of making sure that our young people in official language minority communities have access to education in French so that our Canada will be bilingual in the future. I stress the fact that this bilingualism relates to French and English, because we have a Governor General who is bilingual but does not speak French. I think it is important to specify this in the bill and to make sure it is reflected in all of the laws of our country, Canada, which takes pride in being a bilingual country.

That is the purpose of the amendment I am proposing. If there are questions, I am available to answer them.

Business of the HouseOral Questions

April 20th, 2023 / 3:15 p.m.
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Ajax Ontario

Liberal

Mark Holland LiberalLeader of the Government in the House of Commons

Mr. Speaker, first, I echo my hon. colleague's statements. The next nine of the 10 weeks the House will be sitting is a long time away from families, and our families do sacrifice a lot, which is a really important point to emphasize. He and I could have a longer discussion about the Ethics Commissioner. We are both very anxious to see that important position filled, and I am sure he and I could work together on that.

With respect to the business of the House, tomorrow morning we are going to start second reading of Bill C-47, the budget implementation act.

On Monday, Tuesday and Thursday of next week, we will continue with debate of the budget bill.

On Wednesday, we will call Bill C-13, concerning the Official Languages Act, at report stage and third reading.

On Friday, we will resume second reading debate of Bill C-42 regarding the Canada Business Corporations Act.

Finally, there have been discussions among all parties and if you seek it, I am certain you will find unanimous consent for the following motion:

That, notwithstanding any standing order, special order, or usual practice of the House:

(a) on Thursday, May 4, 2023, when the House adjourns, it shall stand adjourned until Monday, May 8, 2023, at 11 a.m., pursuant to Standing Order 24(1), provided that, for the purposes of any standing order, it shall have deemed to have sat on Friday, May 5, 2023;

(b) on Thursday, May 18, 2023, when the House adjourns, it shall stand adjourned until Monday, May 29, 2023, at 11 a.m., pursuant to Standing Orders 24(1) and 28(2), provided that, for the purposes of any standing order, it shall have been deemed to have sat on Friday, May 19, 2023; and

(c) any standing, standing joint, special, and special joint committees, as well as their subcommittees, shall not be empowered to sit on both Fridays.

Federal-Provincial Fiscal Arrangements ActPrivate Members' Business

April 18th, 2023 / 6:25 p.m.
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Bloc

Denis Trudel Bloc Longueuil—Saint-Hubert, QC

Madam Speaker, I am very pleased to speak on this issue.

I would like to begin by congratulating the sponsor of this bill, the hon. member for La Prairie, who led the fight for the single tax return in the Quebec National Assembly a few years ago and is now leading it here. It is an important fight.

It is a bit surreal to think that we are at this point today, wondering whether people should file one tax return or two. This is not rocket science; it makes absolutely no sense. Besides, as the hon. member for Saint-Hyacinthe—Bagot mentioned, people in Quebec are the only ones who file two tax returns. It is too much paperwork, just a lot of paperwork. It is a problem.

People across Canada have no idea what this is like. They do not know what it is like to have to file two tax returns and fill out lines 287 and 544 two or three times when the issues and restrictions are not the same. It is complicated, and not everyone can afford accountants.

We saw what happened with a very important issue recently. Under Bill C-31, those who earn less than $20,000 a year and pay more than 30% of their income for housing are supposed to get $500, but many people could not find the form and did not know they were entitled to this $500. It is odd that we are talking about this, but there are plenty of people in Quebec who have run into these problems.

There is a problem here. There is already too much red tape, too much paperwork. We cannot understand why our Liberal friends and their NDP lackeys insist on saying no to such a measure. Perhaps it is because it comes from Quebec, because it would give Quebec more power and because it might make Quebeckers realize that, basically, they no longer need Ottawa. We already know that. We can say so, because that is why we are here. We are here because we believe that we no longer need Ottawa on many fronts. Ottawa always enjoys attacking Quebec. Yes, there are fine words, always lots of fine words.

Let us talk about language, for example. I always want to talk about it because what we hear from the other side is always somewhat hypocritical. I have listened to the Liberals talk ever since I became an MP. They keep saying that they will pass legislation on the issue of language, that French is in decline and that they will address this by introducing a bill with teeth that will halt the decline of French. It is fascinating to hear.

Today, I am going to make a solemn declaration: The only way to halt the decline of French in Quebec is for Quebec to become independent. There is no other way to do it. We could quibble about Bill C‑13. Even Quebec's Bill 96, which is a good law and will result in some progress, will not resolve the problem in a tangible way. That is what I want to talk about. The Liberals are hypocrites when they say that they want to work on this issue. Behind the scenes, in committee, the government directs its members, its West Island bullies, to sabotage its own amendments and its own bill because the Liberals are allergic to anything that comes from Quebec and to anything that could give more power to Quebec. That is what is at stake, and that is what we are talking about. It is fascinating.

I saw them, the West Island ministers, when they went to Montreal to protest against Bill 96. It is not enough for them to play the hypocrites in the House and not introduce the measures we need. Now they are working to sabotage legislation that might offer a slight improvement in the decline of French. It is fascinating. We keep seeing this double standard where things that are allowed across Canada and not allowed in Quebec.

We also see what is happening in immigration, where there is another problem. Quebec needs more control over our immigration levels in order to ensure that we can integrate newcomers. What are we seeing instead? The government dreams of a Canada with a population of 100 million, where 500,000 people are welcomed every year. Quebec is letting in 50,000 people right now, and we cannot integrate them. For whatever reason, good or bad, we cannot integrate the people arriving in Quebec. It is a major problem. In fact, it is the major problem, and we cannot cope.

We need to create an ecosystem in Quebec to ensure that we are able to integrate the people who are arriving from all over. We want to welcome these people. We need them to help us out with the labour shortage, for example. We need people who come from all over and bring their amazing knowledge and culture with them. They will make a positive contribution to our Quebec, the nation we love. We said that we needed more power. Mr. Legault got elected by saying that he would get that power from Ottawa. What was the answer he was given?

The answer was no. It seems that any request that comes from Quebec is seen as dangerous. The federal government decides that there must be something behind it and that Quebeckers are bound to take advantage to do bad things. The federal government is scared of us.

We are talking about a savings of $425 million. How can the federal government say no to that? How can it say no to $425 million when needs are growing? According to the study my colleague mentioned earlier, we are missing out on $425 million in savings.

There is a housing crisis. We talked about it earlier, but it is worth mentioning time and again. In the 250-page budget, how many pages are dedicated to housing? One and a half pages. Canada needs 3.5 million housing units over the next 10 years. The housing crisis is the greatest challenge of our time, alongside the language crisis and the climate crisis. The budget contains 250 pages of numbers, statistics and measures, but only one and a half pages on the housing crisis. Unbelievable.

This budget is basically a slap in the face to every person who does not have adequate housing in Canada. It is basically a slap in the face to the 250,000 people in Quebec alone who are in dire need of housing.

Then there is climate change. The government is sending billions of dollars to billionaires. It is appalling. It is utterly outrageous. That is what these geniuses came up with when they sat down to talk about taxes and dream up measures.

I am currently touring Quebec to talk about the housing crisis. In Trois‑Rivières, a woman who has been the victim of domestic violence is sleeping in a car with her two children. The budget does nothing for her. There is no mention of her in the budget. In Longueuil, 17 people are living in a three-bedroom apartment. There is no mention of those 17 people in the budget. The government is not addressing this problem.

Here is what we are talking about. This measure would not only eliminate paperwork and red tape, but it would also save money. It would help the less fortunate.

Health is another file with urgent needs. Quebec asked for $6 billion. How much did it get? I am tired of talking about health transfers, but I do not know how else to communicate. Maybe we could sing about it. My colleague from Beauport—Côte-de-Beaupré—Île d'Orléans—Charlevoix could sing about it. I could get up on the desk and do a little dance to convey how inadequate the health transfers are. People are dying in Quebec's emergency rooms.

Quebec asked for $6 billion. How much did it get? Did it get $4.5 billion, $3.2 billion or $2.8 billion? No. It did not even get $1 billion. The government is not doing anything to help fix the problem. There is no support.

There are all kinds of good reasons to tackle this problem. Things are dire. It is a surreal issue. We must fix this. This is an issue that is unique to Quebec. I will state right away that it is true that Quebec wants more powers. We do not want just a single tax return, we want all the powers. We want Quebec's independence.

Official LanguagesCommittees of the HouseRoutine Proceedings

April 18th, 2023 / 10 a.m.
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Liberal

René Arseneault Liberal Madawaska—Restigouche, NB

Mr. Speaker, I have the honour to present, in both official languages, the first report of the Standing Committee on Official Languages on Bill C-13, an act to amend the Official Languages Act, to enact the use of French in federally regulated private businesses act and to make related amendments to other acts.

The committee has studied the bill and has decided to report the bill back to the House with amendments.

March 31st, 2023 / 2:45 p.m.
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Clerk of the Committee

Émilie Thivierge

On page 153.

On page 24 of Bill C‑13, there is already subsection 36(2), which is located just above section 37.

Amendment NDP‑13 adds section 36(3). This is not in amendment NDP‑13, but subsections (3) and (4) are combined with section 36 to make 36(3) and 36(4).

The committee adopted sections 36(3) and 36(4), which were in Ms. Ashton's amendment.

March 31st, 2023 / 2:45 p.m.
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Bloc

Mario Beaulieu Bloc La Pointe-de-l'Île, QC

—of the Bill C‑13 bundle.

March 31st, 2023 / 2:40 p.m.
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Liberal

Marc Serré Liberal Nickel Belt, ON

Okay.

I would like to know how amendment NDP‑16 affects Bill C‑13. I am referring to the subsections Mr. Godin mentioned earlier.

March 31st, 2023 / 2:30 p.m.
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Conservative

Joël Godin Conservative Portneuf—Jacques-Cartier, QC

Mr. Chair, I will move this amendment, which is suggested by one of my colleagues from British Columbia.

I move that Bill C-13, in clause 62, be amended in item (a) by replacing lines 33 to 35 on page 59 with the following:

“the Governor in Council shall take into account the following factors, as well as any factors that the Governor in Council considers appropriate:”

I further move that this bill, in the same clause, be amended in item (b) by replacing line 2 on page 60 with the following:

nority communities, including the institutional vitality of the French linguistic minority community of the region, which could be established, among other factors, by the presence or absence of a public elementary or secondary school, a cultural or community centre or other institutions belonging to that minority; and (d) the offer of services in French by federal institutions under Part IV of the Official Languages Act.

I think it's important for our francophone minorities outside of Quebec that we think about them. It's an additional tool, and we know that organizations in British Columbia are fighting very hard and they often have the wind in their face. I think this proposal would give them an additional tool.

March 31st, 2023 / 2:25 p.m.
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Liberal

The Chair Liberal René Arseneault

Mr. Beaulieu, amendment BQ‑82 is inadmissible, and I'll explain why.

Bill C‑13 enacts the Use of French in the Federally Regulated Private Businesses Act, which contains provisions that apply initially to federally regulated private businesses in Quebec, and which, two years after the initial amendments come into force, will be extended to include private businesses under federal authority located in regions where there is a strong francophone presence.

The purpose of the amendment is to remove from the new act its application to federally regulated private businesses in Quebec, which is in conflict with the underlying principle of the act.

Do you agree with this line of reasoning?

March 31st, 2023 / 2:25 p.m.
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Bloc

Mario Beaulieu Bloc La Pointe-de-l'Île, QC

That Bill C‑13, in Clause 56, be amended by replacing lines 30 to 34 on page 57 with the following:

7 (1) Consumers in a region with a strong francophone presence have the right to communicate in French with and obtain available services in French from a federally regulated private business that carries on business in that region.

The wording of subclause 7(1) as amended is therefore:

7 (1) Consumers in a region with a strong francophone presence have the right to communicate in French with and obtain available services in French from a federally regulated private business that carries on business in that region.

March 31st, 2023 / 2:20 p.m.
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Conservative

Joël Godin Conservative Portneuf—Jacques-Cartier, QC

Mr. Chair, as the idea of the fifth anniversary is very important to me, I'll move this amendment for consistency's sake.

I propose that Bill C‑13in Clause 54, be amended by replacing lines 14 and 15 on page 57 with the following:

42 (1) On the fifth anniversary of the day on which this clause comes into force and every five years after that an-

This allows time to react appropriately when the situation is urgent. The decline of French has to be stopped and the trend reversed.

March 31st, 2023 / 2:15 p.m.
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Liberal

Anthony Housefather Liberal Mount Royal, QC

I'd like to move it, Mr. Chair.

Amendment LIB‑42 establishes some exceptions, adding a number of criteria in terms of francization programs.

We propose requiring federally regulated private businesses to also factor in these criteria.

That Bill C‑13 in clause 54, be amended by replacing line 18 on page 43 with the following:

impede the learning of French, as well as the nature of the activities carried out by the business, whether the workplace is a head office or a research centre, and the relations that the business has with entities outside Quebec.

These businesses need to use English differently from other companies.

I would add that the amendment uses the same words found in subsections 2, 3 and 4 of section 142 of the Charter of the French Language. The proposed exceptions are therefore in the Charter of the French Language.

March 31st, 2023 / 2:05 p.m.
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Bloc

Mario Beaulieu Bloc La Pointe-de-l'Île, QC

Yes, Mr. Chair.

I propose that Bill C‑13, in Clause 54, be amended by replacing lines 32 and 33 on page 42 with the following:

both official languages but the use of French must predominate over the use of English.

If French is said to be the common language, then I think it's only to be expected that it should predominate. English is not excluded, but it specifies that French must predominate.

March 31st, 2023 / 1:50 p.m.
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Liberal

Anthony Housefather Liberal Mount Royal, QC

Thank you, Mr. Chair, and thank you to my colleagues.

Since Ms. Lattanzio had another committee meeting to attend and couldn't be here today, I have the pleasure of moving amendment LIB‑41 on her behalf.

The reason we're moving this amendment is that the current wording of Bill C-13 has caused a lot of confusion and consternation among Quebec's anglophone groups. Let me explain.

Proposed subsection 9(1) of the future use of French in federally regulated private businesses act would create three rights for employees, which we agree with. They are the right to:(a) carry out their work and be supervised in French;(b) receive all communications and documents...in French; and(c) use regularly and widely used work instruments and computer systems in French.

Subsection 9(3) of the future act would not prevent employers from communicating or providing documents in both official languages, but it wouldn't make that a right.

It's not a right; it's a permission. As opposed to creating a right to do things in English, employers would have the permission, as long as they're fulfilling their duty, to provide other employees with the right to do things in French. They would have permission to say to employees who would prefer to do things in English that they can do things in English. What's happening here is that we're creating an exception for documents and communication, saying they can be in English.

Subsection 9(3) covers paragraph 9(1)(b) of the future act but not paragraphs 9(1)(a) or 9(1)(c).

This means that if I'm an anglophone employee in Quebec and I prefer to use work instruments and computer systems in English, my employer can say that francophone employees who want those instruments and systems in French will get them, but the act doesn't specify that I have the right to get them in English, any more than it specifies that employees who prefer to work and be supervised in English can do that if the employer allows other employees to work and be supervised in French.

I think employers will find it confusing that Bill C‑13 creates an exception for documents and communications, but not in relation to paragraphs 9(1)(a) and 9(1)(c) of the future act. Will employers have the right to provide other employees with computer programs or systems in English? Do they have the right to allow other employees to work in English?

I would much prefer to avoid having that confusion by simply adding that as long as French-speaking employees or those who prefer to work in French are accorded the right, meaning they have to be allowed to do what's in paragraphs 9(1)(a), (b) and (c), an employer is free to let employees who prefer to do things in English also do what's in paragraphs 9(1)(a), (b) and (c) in English. That is the purpose of this amendment.

Thank you.

March 31st, 2023 / 1:40 p.m.
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Bloc

Mario Beaulieu Bloc La Pointe-de-l'Île, QC

Yes. I move that Bill C‑13, in clause 54, be amended by replacing lines 22 to 25 on page 41 with the following: 7 (1) Federally regulated private businesses must communicate in French with consumers in Quebec and provide them services in French.