Protecting Victims Act

An Act to amend certain Acts in relation to criminal and correctional matters (child protection, gender-based violence, delays and other measures)

Sponsor

Sean Fraser  Liberal

Status

This bill has received Royal Assent and is, or will soon become, law.

Summary

This is from the published bill. The Library of Parliament has also written a full legislative summary of the bill.

This enactment amends various Acts in relation to criminal and correctional matters.
It amends the Criminal Code to, among other things,
(a) create a new offence that prohibits engaging in a pattern of coercive or controlling conduct towards an intimate partner;
(b) provide that, in the following circumstances, murder — known as femicide when committed against a female person — is murder in the first degree:
(i) the murder is committed against an intimate partner in the context of a pattern of coercive or controlling conduct,
(ii) the murder is committed in the context of sexual violence,
(iii) the murder is committed in the context of human trafficking, or
(iv) the murder is motivated by hate;
(c) provide that, if an offender commits manslaughter in those circumstances, the court must consider whether to impose a sentence of imprisonment for life on the offender and, if that sentence is imposed, an adult offender is ineligible for parole for 10 to 25 years;
(d) remove from the criminal harassment offence the requirement to prove that the victim subjectively feared for their safety and replace it with a requirement to prove that the harassing conduct could reasonably be expected to cause the victim to believe that someone’s safety is threatened;
(e) amend the offence of non-consensual distribution of an intimate image to include, among such images, a visual representation showing an identifiable person depicted as nude, as nearly nude, as exposing their sexual organs or as engaged in explicit sexual activity, if the depiction is likely to be mistaken for a visual recording of that person;
(f) amend certain existing child sexual offences to include prohibiting a person from inviting a child to expose their own sexual organs for a sexual purpose;
(g) criminalize the distribution of visual representations of bestiality;
(h) create a new offence relating to the recruitment of a person under 18 years of age to be a party to an offence;
(i) provide that victims of certain offences, such as offences committed against an intimate partner, are entitled to testimonial aids;
(j) permit courts to order that an offender serve a period of imprisonment below a mandatory minimum term of imprisonment, but only if the mandatory minimum term of imprisonment would amount to cruel and unusual punishment for that particular offender;
(k) create a new Part establishing a framework for applying alternative measures and restorative justice processes in appropriate cases;
(l) create a new Part in respect of unreasonable delay that requires a court to consider specific factors in relation to case complexity, directs a court to exclude time periods in respect of specific applications and requires that a stay of proceedings be ordered only if a court is satisfied, taking into account a list of factors, that no other remedy would be appropriate and just;
(m) streamline and strengthen the procedural rules in sexual offence trials that govern when evidence of a complainant’s past sexual activity can be adduced and when certain private records, including therapeutic records, can be produced or adduced; and
(n) allow the possibility of using affidavit evidence for certain cases involving identity theft and identity fraud.
The enactment also makes consequential amendments to other Acts.
The enactment also amends the Youth Criminal Justice Act to, among other things,
(a) ensure that it better reflects the Canadian Victims Bill of Rights with respect to the rights and interests of victims;
(b) modernize the principle requiring consideration of the needs of young persons, including by requiring particular attention to those of Aboriginal and Black young persons; and
(c) allow youth justice courts to order that a young person enter into a recognizance if there is a reasonable fear that the young person will commit a child sexual offence.
The enactment also amends the Canadian Victims Bill of Rights to
(a) modify the preamble to affirm the importance of victim-centred and trauma-informed approaches;
(b) provide victims with the right to be treated with respect, courtesy, compassion and fairness;
(c) enable victims to receive information without being required to make a request;
(d) provide that victims have the right to receive information about their rights under that Act and the protection measures that are available to them;
(e) broaden the information that victims have the right to receive about available restorative justice processes; and
(f) clarify the right of victims to present a victim impact statement at sentencing and a victim statement for consideration when decisions regarding parole or corrections are made about the offender who harmed them.
The enactment also amends the National Defence Act to, among other things,
(a) provide that victims of certain offences, such as offences committed against an intimate partner, are entitled to testimonial aids;
(b) create a new Division in respect of unreasonable delay that requires a court martial to consider specific factors in relation to case complexity, directs a court martial to exclude time periods in respect of specific applications and requires that a stay of proceedings be ordered only if a court martial is satisfied, taking into account a list of factors, that no other remedy would be appropriate and just;
(c) streamline and strengthen the procedural rules to align with the Criminal Code procedural rules in sexual offence trials that govern when evidence of a complainant’s past sexual activity can be adduced and when certain private records, including therapeutic records, can be produced or adduced;
(d) provide victims with the right to be treated with respect, courtesy, compassion and fairness;
(e) provide that victims have the right to receive information about their rights under the Division of the National Defence Act entitled “Declaration of Victims Rights” and information about the protection measures that are available to them; and
(f) enable victims to receive information from authorities in the military justice system without being required to make a request.
The enactment also amends An Act respecting the mandatory reporting of Internet child sexual abuse and exploitation material by persons who provide an Internet service to, among other things,
(a) clarify the types of Internet services covered by that Act;
(b) require that transmission data be provided with the mandatory notification in cases where the material is manifestly child sexual abuse and exploitation material;
(c) extend the period of preservation of data related to an offence; and
(d) extend the limitation period for the prosecution of an offence under that Act.
The enactment also amends the Firearms Act to clarify that an individual whose firearms licence or registration certificate has been revoked is required to deliver their firearm to a peace officer, firearms officer or chief firearms officer and to provide that an individual is not eligible to hold a licence under that Act if the chief firearms officer has reasonable grounds to suspect that the individual may have engaged in an act of domestic violence or stalking.
The enactment also amends the Corrections and Conditional Release Act to, among other things, enhance the disclosure of information to victims and other components of the criminal justice system and provide for the submission of victim statements in certain instances.
Finally, the enactment also amends the Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters Act to facilitate legal assistance between Canada and supranational bodies with responsibility for criminal investigations or prosecutions.

Elsewhere

All sorts of information on this bill is available at LEGISinfo, an excellent resource from Parliament. You can also read the full text of the bill.

Bill numbers are reused for different bills each new session. Perhaps you were looking for one of these other C-16s:

C-16 (2022) Law Appropriation Act No. 1, 2022-23
C-16 (2020) Law Appropriation Act No. 4, 2020-21
C-16 (2020) Law An Act to amend the Canadian Dairy Commission Act
C-16 (2016) Law An Act to amend the Canadian Human Rights Act and the Criminal Code

Votes

June 11, 2026 Passed 3rd reading and adoption of Bill C-16, An Act to amend certain Acts in relation to criminal and correctional matters (child protection, gender-based violence, delays and other measures)
June 8, 2026 Passed Concurrence at report stage of Bill C-16, An Act to amend certain Acts in relation to criminal and correctional matters (child protection, gender-based violence, delays and other measures)
June 8, 2026 Failed C-16, An Act to amend certain Acts in relation to criminal and correctional matters (child protection, gender-based violence, delays and other measures) (report stage amendment) (Motion No. 2)
June 8, 2026 Failed C-16, An Act to amend certain Acts in relation to criminal and correctional matters (child protection, gender-based violence, delays and other measures) (report stage amendment) (Motion No. 1)
June 4, 2026 Passed Time allocation for Bill C-16, An Act to amend certain Acts in relation to criminal and correctional matters (child protection, gender-based violence, delays and other measures)

Debate Summary

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This is a computer-generated summary of the speeches below. Usually it’s accurate, but every now and then it’ll contain inaccuracies or total fabrications.

Bill C-16, the Protecting Victims Act, proposes to modernize the Criminal Code by criminalizing coercive control, addressing online sexual exploitation, and recognizing femicide. While proponents highlight strengthened victim protections, opponents criticize a provision potentially allowing judges to bypass certain mandatory minimum sentences.

Liberal

  • Modernizing laws to address abuse: The party argues that criminal laws must evolve alongside technology and social realities to protect victims from modern forms of abuse, including psychological manipulation and digital exploitation.
  • Criminalizing coercive and controlling behavior: Members advocate for a new offence of coercive control, recognizing that intimate partner violence often involves a pattern of intimidation and isolation that occurs long before physical harm begins.
  • Protecting children from exploitation: The bill strengthens protections for children by restoring mandatory minimum penalties for serious sexual offences and requiring social media companies to report exploitative content identified on their platforms.
  • Enhancing rights and system integrity: Proposed reforms aim to build a trauma-informed justice system by expanding access to testimonial aids, providing victims with proactive information, and introducing measures to prevent cases from being dismissed due to court delays.

Conservative

  • Opposes discretionary sentencing loophole: Conservatives strongly oppose clause 63, labeling it a "poison pill" that would allow judges to bypass mandatory minimum sentences for serious crimes like human trafficking, weapons trafficking, and aggravated sexual assault.
  • Supports specific victim protections: The party supports several measures in the bill, including the classification of killing an intimate partner as first-degree murder, banning deepfakes of intimate images, and addressing coercive and controlling behaviors.
  • Criticizes failed justice policies: Members argue that Liberal policies have led to skyrocketing rates of violent crime and human trafficking, asserting that this bill continues a pattern of prioritizing offender rights over community safety.
  • Advocates for mandatory accountability: The party maintains that "mandatory" sentences must not be optional to ensure consistency and public confidence, arguing that weakening consequences for serious offenders retraumatizes victims and fails to deter crime.

Bloc

  • Supports the bill's objectives: The Bloc supports Bill C-16, particularly its recognition of coercive control as a criminal offence and its measures to modernize criminal law to better protect victims of domestic and gender-based violence.
  • Beyond criminal code reforms: Members argue that legal reforms must be accompanied by investments in safe housing and economic empowerment, as financial dependence and lack of shelter often prevent victims from leaving abusive partners.
  • Respect for Quebec's jurisdiction: The party demands unconditional federal funding for Quebec to support its social services and justice system, noting that new federal offences create significant administrative and financial burdens for provincial resources.
  • Addressing femicide and image-based abuse: The party welcomes classifying femicide as first-degree murder and strengthening protections against the non-consensual distribution of intimate images, despite expressing concerns about some remaining gaps in the bill's coherence.
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Protecting Victims ActGovernment Orders

June 10th, 2026 / 8:05 p.m.

Conservative

Jagsharan Singh Mahal Conservative Edmonton Southeast, AB

Madam Speaker, I want to thank my colleague for opposing this bill for valid and right reasons.

I have a question. I agree with him and want to ask him if he can shed more light on this. He quoted a few recent decisions where the courts have turned down the minimum mandatory sentences. Is it not the duty of the parliamentarians sitting on this side of the House and on the government side of the House, when judges do wrong, to tell them this is not what people at large want or what Canadians want?

The real desire of the people is to impose minimum mandatory—

Protecting Victims ActGovernment Orders

June 10th, 2026 / 8:05 p.m.

The Assistant Deputy Speaker (Alexandra Mendès) Alexandra Mendes

We have to give the hon. member for Swift Current—Grasslands—Kindersley the opportunity to comment.

Protecting Victims ActGovernment Orders

June 10th, 2026 / 8:05 p.m.

Conservative

Jeremy Patzer Conservative Swift Current—Grasslands—Kindersley, SK

Madam Speaker, again, we are seeing so many different types of crimes becoming more and more prominent in our communities and on our streets. One that I referenced in my speech, for example, is extortion with a firearm. This is the kind of thing that a person can serve house arrest for, and the mandatory minimum can be circumvented because of this bill and clause 63.

People who are terrorizing our streets should not be allowed to serve house arrest. They should not be given lenient sentences. A mandatory minimum with a high threshold would make sure that those people, and their victims, get justice.

Protecting Victims ActGovernment Orders

June 10th, 2026 / 8:10 p.m.

Conservative

Luc Berthold Conservative Mégantic—L’Érable—Lotbinière, QC

Madam Speaker, I too would like to acknowledge the strength of my colleague from the riding whose name is too long to mention tonight. Everyone knows who I am talking about. He is recovering from the cardiac issues he had this morning. The entire House stands behind him. I have received numerous messages from all parties, and I want to let him know that. He is a good person who deserves all our respect. I think we absolutely must send him positive vibes tonight.

I saw him just two weeks ago, working out with my colleague from Montmorency—Charlevoix. He had been going strong for 20 minutes. He is usually bursting with energy, but one never knows. No one ever knows what is going on inside, when things might take a turn. I urge all men to be careful and to pay attention to the warning signs of these terrible heart diseases.

I would also like to take the opportunity to thank all of my colleges who reached out to me over the past few days about the matter I discussed with the media, a personal matter that happened back in 2025. Without repeating it here tonight, I simply want to thank all my colleagues from all the parties. I want to thank everyone who is going to support Bill C‑231 for David's friends.

I also want to thank all the people in their homes who agreed to tell me how things are for them now. We do not talk about it enough, or talk about it a lot. If I was able to bring certain people a little peace of mind by talking about it, then I will keep doing so. Members of the House certainly share the same desire to help and to do something for people in these kinds of situations, where drug use far exceeds our capacity as parents, or our capacity as young people, to cope with all the problems it can cause.

That brings me to Bill C-16, which is a bill that we could have almost introduced ourselves. However, I want to stress the word “almost”. This bill aligns with many of the Conservative Party's objectives, including protecting victims and putting criminals behind bars. It seeks to ensure that victims are properly recognized by the courts. It seeks to prohibit things that did not exist before but that came to be because of new technologies, including the much-discussed deepfakes.

This week, we saw in Quebec newspapers that it takes only 10 minutes to create a deepfake nude image of a young girl. That is absolutely appalling. We have to put an end to these new technologies and, more importantly, stop those who are misusing them to cause harm to others. The ban on deepfakes, particularly when they target intimate partners, seeks to protect Canadians, particularly women, from the creation and distribution of non-consensual intimate images. It is very serious to create or distribute these kinds of photos of young girls without their consent. I hope people understand that.

We are also pleased that the government picked up the proposal by my Conservative colleague contained in Bill C‑216. Some of that bill's provisions seeking to introduce mandatory reporting of child sexual abuse material were also incorporated into Bill C‑16, which will help better protect our children from the most heinous crimes. So far, all of my colleagues agree with these measures. We are also delighted that the calls of our justice critic to automatically have the murder of an intimate partner deemed a first-degree murder have been heard. This is important. This bill has made progress. We have succeeded in getting essential measures included in it.

Finally, of course, we had a discussions and not all of the Conservatives' proposals were picked up, even despite the government's tendency to legislate on Conservative policy ideas since taking office, but that is another story that I will leave for the Liberals to debate among themselves. Although the government unfortunately rejected the proposal to impose a mandatory minimum sentence of three years for all types of extortion, the inclusion of an aggravating factor in sextortion cases is a step in the right direction, albeit insufficient. For the benefit of people watching at home, “sextortion” consists of using intimate images or intimate knowledge of a person to blackmail them, make them talk or make them do anything else.

We absolutely must put a stop to it, and Bill C‑16 does just that. Unfortunately, the Liberals are the Liberals. There had to be something in the bill to prevent us from passing it unanimously in the House. What is it this time? It is clause 63.

Clause 63 allows judges to avoid imposing minimum sentences and to exercise their discretion in cases of violent and serious crimes. This runs completely counter to everything I have just said. Judges will now be able to decide, based on their own discretion, experience or the circumstances, that a minimum sentence of five years, for example, will be reduced to just two or three years. As a result, certain people who should remain in prison will be released more quickly.

I urge my Liberal colleagues to think about that. I think that we are very close to an agreement and that we could get something done that is good, together. We could pass Bill C‑16 if the Liberals got rid of that section. We would all agree. We all agree on the measures in Bill C‑16, but we do not want the Liberals to do what they have been doing for 11 years, that is, making life easier for criminals and making these crimes even more common. It is not that there are more criminals; it is that criminals are committing an increasing number of crimes because they are increasingly unafraid of justice. That is a fact.

To give the Liberals time to reflect on this issue, to give them time to think about it and perhaps come back tomorrow with a clear proposal, I move: That the House do now adjourn.

Protecting Victims ActGovernment Orders

June 10th, 2026 / 8:15 p.m.

The Assistant Deputy Speaker (Alexandra Mendès) Alexandra Mendes

If a member participating in person wishes that the motion be carried or carried on division, or if a member of a recognized party participating in person wishes to request a recorded division, I would invite them to rise and indicate it to the Chair.

Protecting Victims ActGovernment Orders

June 10th, 2026 / 8:15 p.m.

Liberal

Kevin Lamoureux Liberal Winnipeg North, MB

Madam Speaker, we request a recorded vote, please.

Protecting Victims ActGovernment Orders

June 10th, 2026 / 8:15 p.m.

The Assistant Deputy Speaker (Alexandra Mendès) Alexandra Mendes

Call in the members.

(The House divided on the motion, which was negatived on the following division:)

Vote #150

Protecting Victims ActGovernment Orders

June 10th, 2026 / 9 p.m.

The Deputy Speaker Tom Kmiec

I declare the motion defeated.

It being 9:01, pursuant to order made on Thursday, June 4, 2026, it is my duty to interrupt the proceedings and put forthwith every question necessary to dispose of the third reading stage of the bill now before the House.

The question is on the motion.

If a member participating in person wishes that the motion be carried or carried on division, or if a member of a recognized party participating in person wishes to request a recorded division, I would invite them to rise and indicate it to the Chair.

Protecting Victims ActGovernment Orders

June 10th, 2026 / 9 p.m.

Conservative

Luc Berthold Conservative Mégantic—L’Érable—Lotbinière, QC

Mr. Speaker, we request a recorded division.

Protecting Victims ActGovernment Orders

June 10th, 2026 / 9 p.m.

The Deputy Speaker Tom Kmiec

Pursuant to Standing Order 45, the division stands deferred until Thursday, June 11, 2026, at the expiry of the time provided for Oral Questions.

The House resumed from June 10 consideration of the motion that Bill C-16, An Act to amend certain Acts in relation to criminal and correctional matters (child protection, gender-based violence, delays and other measures), be read the third time and passed.

Protecting Victims ActGovernment Orders

June 11th, 2026 / 3:05 p.m.

The Speaker Francis Scarpaleggia

It being 3:08 p.m., the House will now proceed to the taking of the deferred recorded division on the motion at third reading of Bill C-16.

Call in the members.

(The House divided on the motion, which was agreed to on the following division:)

Vote #153

Protecting Victims ActGovernment Orders

June 11th, 2026 / 3:35 p.m.

The Speaker Francis Scarpaleggia

I declare the motion carried.

(Motion agreed to, bill read the third time and passed)

I wish to inform the House that because of the deferred recorded division, the time provided for Government Orders will be extended by 12 minutes.