Canadian Space Launch Act

An Act to amend the Aeronautics Act and other Acts

Sponsor

Steven MacKinnon  Liberal

Status

Second reading (House), as of April 28, 2026

Subscribe to a feed (what's a feed?) of speeches and votes in the House related to Bill C-28.

Summary

This is from the published bill. The Library of Parliament has also written a full legislative summary of the bill.

This enactment amends the Aeronautics Act to establish a legislative framework for space launch and re-entry activities in Canada. It amends certain definitions to take into account new terms, such as launch vehicles and re-entry vehicles, and authorizes those terms to be defined by regulation. It also removes certain decisions related to launch and re-entry from review by the Transportation Appeal Tribunal of Canada. It expands the regulation-making powers, including in relation to launches and re-entries and the operation of launch and re-entry sites, as well as in relation to the application of certain international agreements and standards.
This enactment also introduces new authorities related to liability and indemnification for launch and re-entry activities. It authorizes the Minister of Transport to indemnify owners and operators of launch or re-entry vehicles in certain circumstances, and when it is in the public interest, for their liability to third parties for loss or damage caused by their activities, and to require the owners and operators in certain circumstances to indemnify the Government of Canada for any liability to third parties for loss or damage caused by their activities. It establishes regulatory authority to create a distinct financial responsibility regime that includes the ability to grant exemptions or adjustments in specific cases. It provides for emergency authorities to allow the Minister to stop launch or re-entry activities for reasons of safety or security. Finally, it establishes a scheme related to the development of zoning regulations for certified launch and re-entry sites.
It also amends the Carriage by Air Act , the Canada Transportation Act and the Secure Air Travel Act .

Elsewhere

All sorts of information on this bill is available at LEGISinfo, an excellent resource from Parliament. You can also read the full text of the bill.

Bill numbers are reused for different bills each new session. Perhaps you were looking for one of these other C-28s:

C-28 (2022) Law An Act to amend the Criminal Code (self-induced extreme intoxication)
C-28 (2021) Strengthening Environmental Protection for a Healthier Canada Act
C-28 (2016) An Act to amend the Criminal Code (victim surcharge)
C-28 (2014) Law Appropriation Act No. 5, 2013-14

Debate Summary

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This is a computer-generated summary of the speeches below. Usually it’s accurate, but every now and then it’ll contain inaccuracies or total fabrications.

Bill C-28 seeks to establish a regulatory framework for commercial space launch and re-entry activities within Canada. While supporters argue this will foster economic growth and national sovereignty, critics express concerns regarding ministerial discretion, potential lack of transparency, and inadequate parliamentary oversight.

Liberal

  • Establishing sovereign launch capabilities: Liberals argue that as the only G7 nation lacking domestic launch capabilities, Canada must establish sovereign access to space to protect national security and reduce dependence on foreign nations for critical satellite infrastructure.
  • Driving economic growth: The bill aims to capture a share of the rapidly expanding global space economy, projecting the creation of thousands of high-paying jobs and a domestic industry worth an estimated $40 billion.
  • Creating a modern regulatory framework: The legislation provides a clear legal and licensing framework for commercial space activities, establishing risk-based safety requirements and financial indemnification systems to provide the certainty needed for private sector investment.
  • Fostering innovation and regional development: The bill supports regional projects, such as the Nova Scotia spaceport, and encourages Canadian innovation in aerospace to inspire the next generation of scientists and keep high-skilled talent within the country.

Conservative

  • Supports domestic space capabilities: The Conservatives support establishing domestic space launch capabilities but oppose the bill's reliance on ministerial discretion over a clear legislative framework, arguing it creates regulatory uncertainty for investors and weakens parliamentary control.
  • Protects taxpayers from financial risk: Members criticize provisions allowing the minister to indemnify private operators at their discretion, arguing this transfers significant financial risk to taxpayers without transparent reporting, competitive fairness, or adequate parliamentary oversight.
  • Strengthens national security safeguards: The party highlights the absence of mandatory national security screenings or foreign ownership transparency in the bill, calling for these protections to be hard-wired into the statute rather than left to ministerial judgment.
  • Opposes opaque insider deals: Critics raise alarms over perceived favoritism, citing a $200-million federal deal for a primitive launch site as evidence that the bill's design rewards political connections and lobbyists over merit and the rule of law.

Bloc

  • Support for domestic launch capability: The Bloc supports establishing a legislative framework for space launches to reduce Canada's 60-year lag behind other nations and end the country's total dependence on American facilities and expertise.
  • Concerns about ministerial discretion: Members criticize the bill for lacking clear definitions and granting the minister excessive power to create regulations behind closed doors, which risks undermining parliamentary oversight and transparency.
  • Leveraging Quebec's aerospace industry: Highlighting the Canadian Space Agency’s presence in Saint-Hubert and Quebec's strong aeronautics sector, the party advocates for utilizing the province's specialized knowledge and considering it for future launch infrastructure.
  • Demand for transparency and vision: The party calls for greater transparency regarding the government's long-term vision for civilian, commercial, and military applications of the space sector to ensure all potential impacts are properly addressed.
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Canadian Space Launch ActGovernment Orders

April 28th, 2026 / 12:05 p.m.

Conservative

Philip Lawrence Conservative Northumberland—Clarke, ON

Mr. Speaker, I apologize. I should say “the Prime Minister”.

It is 10 years of Liberal rule, and I appreciate the ability to underline that. It is another Liberal, one might say. In the last decade, we have seen $1 trillion of capital flowing out. It is precisely what this legislation would embody that is the problem.

Here we are. Now we are sitting here and we have to make a legislative decision. We have to decide whether or not we support this. What Conservatives are really asking for is to know what we are voting for. Nancy Pelosi famously once said they will pass the bill and then read the bill. The Conservatives believe the opposite should be true. We need to know what is in this legislation. My hon. colleague has posed a number of great questions about security and the screening of the payloads that will go up. We need to know what is in the legislation.

I have two constructive suggestions for the members opposite. One is to include necessary things, such as a definition of a launch vehicle in the legislation. Amend it so that we know what is in the legislation.

The second, if they really wish to go forward with regulations, is that there is nothing in law to stop them from publishing today draft regulations that would demonstrate to all Canadians exactly what their intent is going forward. Take some of the ministerial discretion and put it onto the people who are the professionals who are able to objectively review it and provide us with objective decisions on it.

Those are a couple of things that would certainly help Conservatives make a decision.

Canadian Space Launch ActGovernment Orders

April 28th, 2026 / 12:05 p.m.

Winnipeg North Manitoba

Liberal

Kevin Lamoureux LiberalParliamentary Secretary to the Leader of the Government in the House of Commons

Mr. Speaker, I am a bit more encouraged now than I was when the Conservative critic stood up, because the current Conservative seems to be open to the idea that it is a good thing for Canada to have a launch pad.

At the end of the day, if we could see the legislation go through the process, it would be a positive step forward. The government has a very ambitious goal. We would like to see something launched as early as 2028. That is doable, but we require the legislation.

I am curious to know whether the member opposite agrees that we should try to get something sooner so that we are in a better position—

Canadian Space Launch ActGovernment Orders

April 28th, 2026 / 12:10 p.m.

The Assistant Deputy Speaker John Nater

The member for Northumberland—Clarke.

Canadian Space Launch ActGovernment Orders

April 28th, 2026 / 12:10 p.m.

Conservative

Philip Lawrence Conservative Northumberland—Clarke, ON

Mr. Speaker, I think in this case, it would make a ton of sense to go slow to go fast. We need to walk this legislation back to provide certainty going forward.

To give an idea to those folks who are watching out there, the government did not even create a new piece of legislation. It is amending the Aeronautics Act, which is really there to regulate airplanes. When the government understands that there is a difference between airplanes and rockets, we will be well ahead.

Canadian Space Launch ActGovernment Orders

April 28th, 2026 / 12:10 p.m.

Conservative

Tamara Jansen Conservative Cloverdale—Langley City, BC

Mr. Speaker, when Canadians hear “space launches”, they think of rockets and satellites, but what they should really be thinking about is security, who is launching, what they are launching and who is behind it. This where the bill falls short. There is no clear national security test written into law. Instead, we are told to trust the ministers. They will figure it out later, behind closed doors.

This is an object being launched into orbit over Canadian territory, over our Arctic and over our infrastructure in our communities. Why is the government asking Canadians to trust discretion, instead of putting clear and enforceable security laws into rules that would guarantee that foreign adversaries cannot exploit Canada's space sector?

Canadian Space Launch ActGovernment Orders

April 28th, 2026 / 12:10 p.m.

Conservative

Philip Lawrence Conservative Northumberland—Clarke, ON

Mr. Speaker, having the ability to launch rockets into space is incredibly important for our Canadian economy. This is why it is that much more critical that it be done correctly.

I do not understand why the government has created this slapdash job of legislation. It really would not have been difficult to create a separate piece of legislation that would have understood and contemplated the complexities of space travel and put Canada on the right foot going forward.

Canadian Space Launch ActGovernment Orders

April 28th, 2026 / 12:10 p.m.

Bloc

Xavier Barsalou-Duval Bloc Pierre-Boucher—Les Patriotes—Verchères, QC

Mr. Speaker, I look forward to working on the bill with my colleague when we get to committee stage. My question for him is the following. We have a bill that is about 10 pages long and has almost no details on the government's real intentions. We are being told that everything will come through regulations. Does my colleague find that reassuring and does he think that is enough to turn this bill into a real law?

Canadian Space Launch ActGovernment Orders

April 28th, 2026 / 12:10 p.m.

Conservative

Philip Lawrence Conservative Northumberland—Clarke, ON

Mr. Speaker, I find it troubling, but more importantly, so do many Canadians, including those who control the capital that would ultimately be used to build space launches and invest in rockets here in Canada. Because of this uncertainty, they would not know whether their investment will be returned to them.

I agree 110%. A piece of legislation on something as complex as space travel should not be a couple of pages in length.

Canadian Space Launch ActGovernment Orders

April 28th, 2026 / 12:10 p.m.

Liberal

Bardish Chagger Liberal Waterloo, ON

Mr. Speaker, I am not going to get into the semantics of whether it is a couple of pages long or a lot of pages long, but I am hearing that there is a need for Canada to be in this space.

Is the member suggesting that not doing anything is the answer, or is he suggesting that perhaps we could find a way to move forward and make sure that Canada is part of this game?

Canadian Space Launch ActGovernment Orders

April 28th, 2026 / 12:10 p.m.

Conservative

Philip Lawrence Conservative Northumberland—Clarke, ON

Mr. Speaker, when I talk to my son about doing his homework, I repeat a line that has been used for hundreds of years. Every job has two things in common: It has to be done, and it has to be done well. We have only the first accomplished here.

Canadian Space Launch ActGovernment Orders

April 28th, 2026 / 12:10 p.m.

Conservative

Dan Muys Conservative Flamborough—Glanbrook—Brant North, ON

Mr. Speaker, it is always an honour to rise in the House and speak on behalf of the great people of Flamborough—Glanbrook—Brant North.

There are some subjects that still have the power to inspire wonder, and certainly space is one of them. For generations, it has sparked curiosity, discovery and the belief that the next great breakthrough may still be ahead of us. It reminds us that progress is not automatic but must be chosen, must be built and must be earned. Canada has long had the talent, the ingenuity and the industrial capacity to contribute to the space economy. Our laws have not kept pace with the opportunities before us.

Canada is not a stranger to excellence in space, far from it. We gave the world the Canadarm. We became leaders in robotics, satellite technology, remote sensing, communications and advanced aerospace engineering. Canadian innovators have helped shape missions that reached orbit, the International Space Station, Mars and beyond. Our workers, engineers, technicians, researchers and manufacturers have earned global respect, and just recently, Canadians had another reason to feel proud: Commander Jeremy Hansen from southwestern Ontario, a Canadian astronaut, recently returned home as part of the Artemis II mission. That mission carried humans to the moon for the first time in more than 50 years and farther from earth than any people in human history.

Think about that. A Canadian helping lead humanity's return to deep space exploration is not only symbolic. It is a reminder that Canadian talent belongs at the front edge of great endeavours. The question before us is simple: Will our laws, policies and economic climate allow Canada to participate fully in the next era of space development, or will we once again watch opportunity leave our shores, as has happened too often after 10 years of the Liberals?

The global space economy is no longer theoretical. It is real, and it is growing rapidly. It includes launch services, satellite deployment, communications, earth observation, defence applications, navigation, research, manufacturing, data services and technologies that we have not yet even imagined. The global space economy is expected to contribute in excess of a trillion dollars in just a few years and $1.8 trillion within a decade. It is an industry growing at nearly 10% a year. Countries around the world understand this, and they are competing for this investment. They are building launch capacity, they are creating clear regulatory pathways and they are moving with urgency.

Canada also possesses natural advantages that many other countries do not. We are a vast nation with northern geography; we have access to remote corridors, coastal opportunities, strong aerospace clusters and world‑class research institutions such as universities that have been mentioned in the debate thus far; and we have the ingredients many countries would envy. The question is whether we have the policy environment to make use of them.

Canada must understand this as well. When investors face uncertainty, as my colleague from Northumberland—Clarke just talked about, they go elsewhere. When approvals take too long, they go elsewhere. If governments confuse announcements with outcomes, they also go elsewhere. That is why regulatory certainty matters, and that is why it is puzzling that Bill C-28 would give the Liberal minister all the power to make decisions on what goes into space from behind closed doors. This would undermine transparency, and Parliament has every reason to be concerned.

However, there are certainly positive elements in Bill C-28. It recognizes that launch and re-entry activities require a dedicated framework. What we are asking for is a draft of those details around that. The bill would address safety, liability, site certification and emergency powers, but legislation is only a beginning, and that is where there are gaping holes.

The true test is execution, and that is a concern when the legislation would give all the power to one individual, the minister. Where is the regulatory framework? Can Canada approve projects in a timely manner? Can we attract private capital? Can we ensure public confidence? Can Canada build a reputation for competence and reliability? Those questions remain unanswered by the legislation.

Another principle that must guide us from the beginning is transparency. Whenever governments are involved in strategically emerging sectors, and whenever public funds, public lands or public approvals are at stake, Canadians must know that decisions are being made fairly, openly and on merit. That principle matters all the more when recent contracts and infrastructure decisions have raised legitimate concerns, and when political connections and insider proximity to power seem to have trumped a framework brought about by professionals.

Canadians are ambitious people. They support private sector growth, they support innovation and they do not want favouritism. A new industry must not become an old story. If Canada is serious about building leadership in the space economy, then procurement must be clean, selection processes must be credible and accountability must be absolute. Conservatives are in favour of enhancing Canada's sovereignty and space capabilities, but we are not in favour of any framework that could become a blank cheque for Liberal insiders or foreign agents.

Canadians have recently seen major public decisions raise legitimate questions. In Nova Scotia, the government announced a $200‑million agreement tied to the planned spaceport project, but it should be noted that the project's proponent has publicly listed former Nova Scotia Liberal premier Stephen McNeil on its advisory board. At the transport committee, we also examined the Canada Infrastructure Bank loan connected to the Mersey River wind project and the concerns surrounding that process and its uneasy connection to Liberal insiders.

These examples are exactly why emerging strategic sectors must begin the right way. Canadians should be confident that contracts are awarded on merit, public money is protected and proximity to power never outweighs public interest.

This debate is also about something larger. It is about national confidence. Too often, Canada has grown comfortable thinking small. We should be a country that builds major projects, and certainly notwithstanding the record of the Liberal government, so let us not allow Bill C-28 to become a missed opportunity because it is too dependent on political will and not proper regulatory processes, administrative tribunals and the needed oversights.

We should be a country that has the tax regulatory climate to set up a healthy private sector that invests in advanced industries. We should be a country that rewards innovators, engineers, tradespeople, entrepreneurs and workers who turn ideas into reality. We should be a country that looks forward. In communities like mine, we know what advanced industry looks like. We know the value of steel, precision manufacturing, logistics, defence, engineering and skilled trades. Those same capabilities can and should help power Canada's next growth sectors, including aerospace and space technologies. That applies to ports, transportation corridors, energy and manufacturing as well.

Bill C-28 now comes before Parliament with its gaping holes. It deserves careful study and thoughtful consideration at committee, because it needs much more detail. It deserves witness testimony from industry, regulators, legal experts, security experts, provincial partners and innovators on the ground. We should examine competitiveness. We should examine liability exposure. We should examine timelines. We should examine transparency safeguards. We should ensure that the final product would help Canada succeed in practice, not merely in press releases.

Canada has the people, Canada has the talent, Canada has the geography, Canada has the industrial base and Canada has the history. What we need now is the seriousness to match it. I look forward to seeing the bill studied at committee, strengthened and judged by whether it helps Canada compete, build and lead in the years ahead.

Canadian Space Launch ActGovernment Orders

April 28th, 2026 / 12:20 p.m.

Winnipeg North Manitoba

Liberal

Kevin Lamoureux LiberalParliamentary Secretary to the Leader of the Government in the House of Commons

Mr. Speaker, recognizing that now is the time, the government is focused on building Canada strong for all of us in different ways.

When we think of securing our future and of the economic potential, the thousands of jobs and the contributions to the GDP, it is not just about the space industry but also involves our aerospace industries and post‑secondary facilities, with both direct and indirect jobs. We are talking about tens of thousands of lives. All of us get impacted by it. The legislation is a critical step in moving forward.

I am wondering if the member could provide his thoughts on why it is important that, as a House, we deal with this issue at this time so we can create—

Canadian Space Launch ActGovernment Orders

April 28th, 2026 / 12:20 p.m.

The Assistant Deputy Speaker John Nater

The hon. member for Flamborough—Glanbrook—Brant North.

Canadian Space Launch ActGovernment Orders

April 28th, 2026 / 12:20 p.m.

Conservative

Dan Muys Conservative Flamborough—Glanbrook—Brant North, ON

Mr. Speaker, we agree. There is incredible economic opportunity in the space economy and in sectors related to it. Conservatives have always agreed with that. I know that my colleague from Okanagan Lake West—South Kelowna identified in his thoughts in the House, going back to Diefenbaker, Mulroney and Harper, how we have helped advance that.

What we are saying and have said consistently in only the first two hours of debate on this piece of legislation is that there are the gaping holes in Bill C-28 that would rest all the power with the minister to make those decisions. That causes grave concerns around Liberal insider access. It certainly is not a matter of transparency. Where are the rules, where—

Canadian Space Launch ActGovernment Orders

April 28th, 2026 / 12:25 p.m.

The Assistant Deputy Speaker John Nater

The hon. member for Okanagan Lake West—South Kelowna.