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One Canadian Economy Act

An Act to enact the Free Trade and Labour Mobility in Canada Act and the Building Canada Act

Sponsor

Dominic LeBlanc  Liberal

Status

This bill has received Royal Assent and is, or will soon become, law.

Summary

This is from the published bill. The Library of Parliament has also written a full legislative summary of the bill.

Part 1 enacts the Free Trade and Labour Mobility in Canada Act , which establishes a statutory framework to remove federal barriers to the interprovincial trade of goods and services and to improve labour mobility within Canada. In the case of goods and services, that Act provides that a good or service that meets provincial or territorial requirements is considered to meet comparable federal requirements that pertain to the interprovincial movement of the good or provision of the service. In the case of workers, it provides for the recognition of provincial and territorial authorizations to practise occupations and for the issuance of comparable federal authorizations to holders of such provincial and territorial authorizations. It also provides the Governor in Council with the power to make regulations respecting federal barriers to the interprovincial movement of goods and provision of services and to the movement of labour within Canada.
Part 2 enacts the Building Canada Act , which, among other things,
(a) authorizes the Governor in Council to add the name of a project and a brief description of it to a schedule to that Act if the Governor in Council is of the opinion, having regard to certain factors, that the project is in the national interest;
(b) provides that determinations and findings that have to be made and opinions that have to be formed under certain Acts of Parliament and regulations for an authorization to be granted in respect of a project that is named in Schedule 1 to that Act are deemed to have been made or formed, as the case may be, in favour of permitting the project to be carried out in whole or in part;
(c) requires the minister who is designated under that Act to issue to the proponent of a project, if certain conditions are met, a document that sets out conditions that apply in respect of the project and that is deemed to be the authorizations, required under certain Acts of Parliament and regulations, that are specified in the document; and
(d) requires that minister, each year, to cause an independent review to be conducted of the status of each national interest project.

Elsewhere

All sorts of information on this bill is available at LEGISinfo, an excellent resource from Parliament. You can also read the full text of the bill.

Bill numbers are reused for different bills each new session. Perhaps you were looking for one of these other C-5s:

C-5 (2021) Law An Act to amend the Criminal Code and the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act
C-5 (2020) Law An Act to amend the Bills of Exchange Act, the Interpretation Act and the Canada Labour Code (National Day for Truth and Reconciliation)
C-5 (2020) An Act to amend the Judges Act and the Criminal Code
C-5 (2016) An Act to repeal Division 20 of Part 3 of the Economic Action Plan 2015 Act, No. 1

Votes

June 20, 2025 Passed 3rd reading and adoption of Bill C-5, An Act to enact the Free Trade and Labour Mobility in Canada Act and the Building Canada Act (Part 2)
June 20, 2025 Passed 3rd reading and adoption of Bill C-5, An Act to enact the Free Trade and Labour Mobility in Canada Act and the Building Canada Act (Part 1)
June 20, 2025 Passed Concurrence at report stage of Bill C-5, An Act to enact the Free Trade and Labour Mobility in Canada Act and the Building Canada Act
June 20, 2025 Failed Bill C-5, An Act to enact the Free Trade and Labour Mobility in Canada Act and the Building Canada Act (report stage amendment) (Motion 19)
June 20, 2025 Passed Bill C-5, An Act to enact the Free Trade and Labour Mobility in Canada Act and the Building Canada Act (report stage amendment) (Motion 18)
June 20, 2025 Failed Bill C-5, An Act to enact the Free Trade and Labour Mobility in Canada Act and the Building Canada Act (report stage amendment) (Motion 15)
June 20, 2025 Failed Bill C-5, An Act to enact the Free Trade and Labour Mobility in Canada Act and the Building Canada Act (report stage amendment) (Motion 11)
June 20, 2025 Passed Bill C-5, An Act to enact the Free Trade and Labour Mobility in Canada Act and the Building Canada Act (report stage amendment) (Motion 9)
June 20, 2025 Passed Bill C-5, An Act to enact the Free Trade and Labour Mobility in Canada Act and the Building Canada Act (report stage amendment) (Motion 7)
June 20, 2025 Passed Bill C-5, An Act to enact the Free Trade and Labour Mobility in Canada Act and the Building Canada Act (report stage amendment) (Motion 5)
June 20, 2025 Failed Bill C-5, An Act to enact the Free Trade and Labour Mobility in Canada Act and the Building Canada Act (report stage amendment) (Motion 4)
June 20, 2025 Failed Bill C-5, An Act to enact the Free Trade and Labour Mobility in Canada Act and the Building Canada Act (report stage amendment) (Motion 1)
June 16, 2025 Passed 2nd reading of Bill C-5, An Act to enact the Free Trade and Labour Mobility in Canada Act and the Building Canada Act

Debate Summary

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This is a computer-generated summary of the speeches below. Usually it’s accurate, but every now and then it’ll contain inaccuracies or total fabrications.

Bill C-5, the one Canadian economy act, aims to enhance Canada's economy by reducing interprovincial trade barriers and expediting the approval process for projects deemed to be in the national interest.

Liberal

  • Builds one Canadian economy: The bill fulfills the mandate from the election to build one strong, healthy Canadian economy instead of 13 separate ones, aiming for the strongest economy in the G7.
  • Shifts focus east-west: Due to changes in the north-south relationship with the U.S., Canada must now focus inward on building stronger east-west ties for economic security and sovereignty.
  • Enhances trade and mobility: The bill includes the free trade and labour mobility act to remove interprovincial barriers and the building Canada act to support major nation-building projects.

Conservative

  • Bill C-5 admits failure: Conservatives argue Bill C-5 is an admission that Liberal policies over the past decade have created excessive barriers, making it impossible to build national projects.
  • Bill is flawed but improved: Conservatives find the bill deeply flawed, relying on ministerial discretion and failing to fix root issues, but worked with other parties to add improvements.
  • Secured key amendments: Through amendments, Conservatives secured requirements for defining national interest, public project lists, conflict of interest application, national security reviews, and clearer indigenous consultation.
  • Call for repealing laws: Despite improvements, fundamental problems remain. Conservatives call for repealing harmful anti-development laws like Bill C-69 and the carbon tax to fix the system properly.

NDP

  • Criticizes parliamentary process: The party criticizes the government for rushing the bill, calling it a power grab that bypasses democracy, parliamentary process, and necessary consultations.
  • Supports part 1 with caution: The NDP supports splitting the bill and generally agrees with reducing non-tariff barriers and improving labour mobility, but is cautious about implementation to avoid lowering standards.
  • Opposes part 2 on national interest projects: The party has serious concerns about the second part, citing vague definitions, circumvention of environmental laws, weakened accountability, and excessive ministerial power.
  • Warns of negative consequences: The party warns that concentrating power and bypassing checks for national interest projects will lead to irreversible mistakes, litigation, and potential disregard for Indigenous rights and community concerns.

Bloc

  • Bill rushed through parliament: The party strongly opposes the bill being rushed through with a gag order, allowing minimal study and witness testimony, calling it undemocratic and a disgrace.
  • Gives government excessive power: The bill gives the government excessive power to choose and fast-track major projects and bypass laws by order in council, undermining democracy and accountability.
  • Ignores Quebec's interests: The party considers the bill an example of predatory federalism that ignores Quebec's jurisdiction, fails to address its economic needs like tariffs, and primarily benefits oil/gas projects.

Green

  • Views bill as power grab: The Green Party views Bill C-5 as an unprecedented power grab by cabinet, not a genuine response to protect the economy as claimed by the government.
  • Criticizes rushed process: The Green Party criticizes the unprecedented rush and "guillotine" process used for Bill C-5, which limited debate and prevented hearing from experts and indigenous groups.
  • Undermines indigenous rights: The Green Party is deeply concerned that Bill C-5 undermines free, prior, and informed consent and disrespects indigenous rights and environmental laws by prioritizing speed.
  • Supports report stage amendments: The Green Party urges government members to support report stage amendments to Bill C-5 to reduce unaccountability and the potential for abuse of the powers granted.
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One Canadian Economy ActGovernment Orders

June 20th, 2025 / 2:45 p.m.

Conservative

Chris Warkentin Conservative Grande Prairie, AB

Mr. Speaker, we agree to apply the vote, with the Conservatives voting against.

One Canadian Economy ActGovernment Orders

June 20th, 2025 / 2:45 p.m.

Bloc

Marilène Gill Bloc Côte-Nord—Kawawachikamach—Nitassinan, QC

Mr. Speaker, the Bloc Québécois agrees to apply the vote and will be voting in favour.

One Canadian Economy ActGovernment Orders

June 20th, 2025 / 2:45 p.m.

NDP

Alexandre Boulerice NDP Rosemont—La Petite-Patrie, QC

Mr. Speaker, the NDP agrees to apply the vote and will be voting in favour.

One Canadian Economy ActGovernment Orders

June 20th, 2025 / 2:45 p.m.

Green

Elizabeth May Green Saanich—Gulf Islands, BC

Mr. Speaker, the Green Party agrees to apply the vote, voting yes.

(The House divided on Motion No. 11, which was negatived on the following division:)

Vote #28

One Canadian Economy ActGovernment Orders

June 20th, 2025 / 2:45 p.m.

The Deputy Speaker Tom Kmiec

I declare Motion No. 11 defeated.

The question is on Motion No. 15. A vote on this motion also applies to Motions Nos. 21 to 23.

If a member participating in person wishes that the motion be carried or carried on division, or if a member of a recognized party participating in person wishes to request a recorded division, I would invite them to rise and indicate it to the Chair.

One Canadian Economy ActGovernment Orders

June 20th, 2025 / 2:45 p.m.

Liberal

Mark Gerretsen Liberal Kingston and the Islands, ON

Mr. Speaker, I believe if you seek it, you will find consent to apply the results from the previous vote to this vote, with the Liberals voting nay.

One Canadian Economy ActGovernment Orders

June 20th, 2025 / 2:45 p.m.

Conservative

Chris Warkentin Conservative Grande Prairie, AB

Mr. Speaker, we agree to apply the vote, with the Conservatives voting in favour.

One Canadian Economy ActGovernment Orders

June 20th, 2025 / 2:45 p.m.

Bloc

Marilène Gill Bloc Côte-Nord—Kawawachikamach—Nitassinan, QC

The Bloc Québécois agrees to apply the vote and will be voting against.

One Canadian Economy ActGovernment Orders

June 20th, 2025 / 2:45 p.m.

NDP

Alexandre Boulerice NDP Rosemont—La Petite-Patrie, QC

The NDP agrees to apply the vote and will be voting against.

One Canadian Economy ActGovernment Orders

June 20th, 2025 / 2:45 p.m.

Green

Elizabeth May Green Saanich—Gulf Islands, BC

Mr. Speaker, the Green Party agrees to apply the vote, voting no.

(The House divided on Motion No. 15, which was negatived on the following division:)

Vote #29

One Canadian Economy ActGovernment Orders

June 20th, 2025 / 2:45 p.m.

The Deputy Speaker Tom Kmiec

I declare Motion No. 15 defeated. I therefore declare Motions Nos. 21 to 23 defeated.

The question is on Motion No. 18.

If a member participating in person wishes that the motion be carried or carried on division, or if a member of a recognized party participating in person wishes to request a recorded division, I would invite them to rise and indicate it to the Chair.

One Canadian Economy ActGovernment Orders

June 20th, 2025 / 2:50 p.m.

Liberal

Mark Gerretsen Liberal Kingston and the Islands, ON

Mr. Speaker, I believe if you seek it, you will find consent to apply the results from the previous vote to this vote, with the Liberals voting yea.

One Canadian Economy ActGovernment Orders

June 20th, 2025 / 2:50 p.m.

Conservative

Chris Warkentin Conservative Grande Prairie, AB

Mr. Speaker, we agree to apply the vote, with the Conservatives voting in favour.