Evidence of meeting #40 for Agriculture and Agri-Food in the 45th Parliament, 1st session. (The original version is on Parliament’s site, as are the minutes.) The winning word was code.

A video is available from Parliament.

On the agenda

Members speaking

Before the committee

Léger Bourgoin  Executive Director, Association des producteurs maraîchers du Québec
Janzen  President, Fruit and Vegetable Growers of Canada
Paillat  National Coordinator, Greenhouse Produce Alliance of Canada
Hébert  President, Union des producteurs agricoles de Portneuf
Graydon  Chief Executive Officer, Food, Health and Consumer Products of Canada
Proud  President and Adjudicator, Office of the Grocery Sector Code of Conduct
McCann  Managing Director, Canadian Agri-Food Policy Institute

Noon

Liberal

Paul Connors Liberal Avalon, NL

Thank you.

Thank you to the witnesses for coming out.

We're studying food security and being able to feed ourselves domestically in the face of global instability. We hear people say that people want to buy local. I'm not sure that people wanting to buy local always translates at the cash register. I don't know if you see that in your industry.

What unique challenges do your organizations or producers face in supplying domestic food to address food security in our country?

I'll start with Mr. Janzen.

12:05 p.m.

President, Fruit and Vegetable Growers of Canada

Marcus Janzen

It's important not to lose sight of the fact that Canada is a northern climate, and for us to supply fresh fruits and vegetables 12 months of the year, there has to be a trading relationship, particularly with the U.S., as well as with Mexico. The ability of Canadian producers to export products that we can grow competitively needs to be there in order for us to have the monetary capability to purchase fresh fruits and vegetables in the winter from warmer-climate jurisdictions.

It is exceedingly difficult for Canadian producers to supply a reasonably broad spectrum of fruit and vegetables year-round. There are some exceptions. Take cucumbers. The technology is there to grow them under lights now, so Canada can produce cucumbers for 12 months of the year, but that product is the exception, not the rule.

Paul Connors Liberal Avalon, NL

I'll go to Mr. Bourgoin.

12:05 p.m.

Executive Director, Association des producteurs maraîchers du Québec

Patrice Léger Bourgoin

For example, Quebec is getting closer to food self-sufficiency when it comes to carrots. We have enough carrots to cover the whole winter up to the end of March or the beginning of April. The big question is this: In that context, how is it that we have carrots from China in the middle of winter? It's simply because those carrots are sold at the same price as local carrots, but the retailer's profit margin is quite a bit higher. At that point, the carrots stay in the vegetable growers' huge fridges.

We also have frozen products and canned products. Vegetable growers have this economic supply chain, but still, the major chains are increasingly preferring products from other countries, such as China, Egypt and Thailand, for reasons of their own. When we don't support the development of local producers and we focus on products from abroad, we jeopardize our local supply chain.

Paul Connors Liberal Avalon, NL

For clarification, when you say you have enough carrots to supply, is that just for Quebec or for all of Canada?

12:05 p.m.

Executive Director, Association des producteurs maraîchers du Québec

Patrice Léger Bourgoin

It's for Quebec, essentially.

As you know, the model we have in Canada is for provinces to talk to each other. When stocks are running low, we can know what's going on and manage the Canadian supply based on the available volumes. Ontario will also produce a great deal of carrots. It's one of the major producers in North America, as are we. Unfortunately, I don't know Ontario's level of food self-sufficiency in terms of carrots specifically.

As for the Quebec market, in recent years, the volume of carrots produced by farmers has enabled us to get to the end of March or the beginning of April before contacting Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada to tell them that stocks have been depleted.

Paul Connors Liberal Avalon, NL

Ms. Paillat, do you have anything to add in 25 seconds?

12:05 p.m.

National Coordinator, Greenhouse Produce Alliance of Canada

Julie Paillat

Sometimes it's not just a supply issue. There are issues and concerns about business interruption or instability, and we've seen that playing a huge role.

To Marcus's point about year-round supply, I think there's a lot of push to say that we can do that in a greenhouse, but production in a greenhouse requires a lot of parts and pieces. Just as it takes a village to raise a child, it takes a lot of parts and pieces relating to energy, etc.

The Chair Liberal Michael Coteau

Thank you.

Next we'll go to the Bloc.

Sébastien, I'll give you three minutes, just because I gave a bit of extra time there.

Sébastien Lemire Bloc Abitibi—Témiscamingue, QC

Thank you, Mr. Chair.

Mr. Hébert, I have followed your Facebook page with great interest over the years, and I'm following it particularly closely these days to keep up to date on the challenges related to the Alto project.

First, when you appeared on Le Téléjournal, you gave a very firm position.

Last week, we heard from Ms. Bercier, who gave quite an eloquent testimony.

Can you explain to us why the Alto project is not a good solution or a good priority, or why it isn't as good as it looks in the current context? Can you also tell us about the impact of this project on your mental health and that of your colleagues?

12:10 p.m.

President, Union des producteurs agricoles de Portneuf

Christian Hébert

When it comes to food security, the world is changing a lot, and that is changing the way we produce.

This week, we're very happy, because it's the launch of strawberry season in Quebec. We're the third-largest producer of strawberries in the world, number one being Mexico and number two being California.

Normally, this week, we would have experienced the dumping of products from Mexico and California. I have worked in production for 15 years, and we have been through this before, but things are terrible right now. Mexico is currently going through a tough time. In California, farms are having to stop production because of drought and disease. Their prices are exorbitant. These days, when they manage to get products, they start by feeding themselves. That's what's happening here.

I said that the world is changing, that prices are changing and that it's necessary to change the stereotypes.

In Portneuf, we have the largest strawberry producer in Quebec: Fraisière Faucher. We also have small producers, such as Sandra Paradis, from L'Arc‑en‑ciel du Paradis. These are businesses that are going to disappear.

If the buildings are separated from the pick-your-own fields, that will be the end of the business. For the larger producers, transportation is going to be the issue. Our companies are already mature. Those that had already bought fields here and there are at maximum capacity. If detours get added in, there won't be any profitability left. We're already in an economic crisis. Mental health doesn't depend on a single factor; it depends on a combination of many things.

Right now, we're on a tightrope. In the first three months of 2025, the number of farm businesses that were going under in my sector was equivalent to the average over the past 10 years. When it comes to the additional weight that will be added with the high-speed rail project, people are going completely insane. We will lose the profitability of the businesses that our people have built. It's a social crisis.

What I said earlier to Mr. Gourdes, whom I thank very much for asking his question, is something MPs in the region are experiencing. Canadians are visiting them. The community groups around us are also worried. It's really an entire economy that's being affected. This is a serious crisis.

I know that we won't convince city people by tugging at their heartstrings; we'll do so by making the case for food security, for their pantries. In terms of project costs and profitability, we have said that more than 2,500 farms are going to be affected. I just want to mention that the sales from our producers across 2,500 farms are equivalent to Hydro‑Québec's net profits. That's how people will begin to understand what we will lose in Quebec.

The Chair Liberal Michael Coteau

Thank you very much.

We have about five minutes before the vote starts. For those five minutes, folks can get ready to vote. There will probably be about another 15 minutes after, so in about 20 minutes from now, we'll come back.

I'll suspend and see you in 20 minutes.

The Chair Liberal Michael Coteau

I'd like to bring the meeting back to order.

Pursuant to Standing Order 108(2) and the motion adopted by the committee on Thursday, September 18, 2025, the committee is resuming its study on food security in the face of global instability.

I'd like to welcome the witnesses joining us today. From the Canadian Agri-Food Policy Institute, we have Tyler McCann. From Food, Health and Consumer Products of Canada, we have Michael Graydon. From the Office of the Grocery Sector Code of Conduct, we have Karen Proud.

I didn't mention that MP Rana is joining us today, filling in for Mr. MacDonald. Welcome to the committee. We appreciate your being here.

Some hon. members

Hear, hear!

The Chair Liberal Michael Coteau

That's the first time anyone has clapped, so you're in good standing at this committee.

We'll go to Mr. Graydon for five minutes.

Michael Graydon Chief Executive Officer, Food, Health and Consumer Products of Canada

Thank you very much, Mr. Chair.

Thank you for the opportunity to represent the Food, Health and Consumer Products of Canada food manufacturers today.

Food security is not only about what Canada grows; it's about whether we can process, package, move and supply the food Canadians rely on every day. Just as Canada views energy, transportation and telecommunications as strategic infrastructure, we should view food manufacturing capacity as central national infrastructure that underpins food security, economic resilience and affordability. At a time of affordability pressures, tariff uncertainty and global supply chain disruptions, strengthening domestic food manufacturing is essential to jobs, investment, innovation, resilience and food sovereignty.

Food security is also a productivity issue. Canada's challenge is not weak firms or complacent workers. It's an investment and scale problem. Business investment per worker remains significantly below that of the United States, reflecting higher operating costs, regulatory complexity and investment uncertainty.

When multinational companies decide where to place the next production line, automation project or processing facility, Canada is competing for capital. If Canada is slower, more expensive, less predictable or less aligned with major trading partners, that investment will go elsewhere.

At the same time, many Canadian small and mid-sized manufacturers face enterprise-level regulatory obligations, and access to capital is increasingly challenging. This “missing middle” limits their ability to scale, compete and supply Canadians with affordable products year-round.

We're already starting to see the consequences. More than half of many centre-store grocery products are now imported, primarily from the United States. The manufacturing capability still exists in Canada, but the investment environment does not consistently encourage expansion.

Without change, Canada risks becoming more of a distribution market than a manufacturing economy, leaving Canadians increasingly dependent on foreign production for everyday food products. If we want a more resilient food system, greater affordability and stronger domestic production, there are three actions Ottawa can take.

First, put capital behind domestic manufacturing capacity. Canada needs a domestic food processing fund that supports modernization, automation, facility expansion and equipment upgrades across the manufacturing sector. Funding should support the full manufacturing ecosystem. Large manufacturers anchor regional supply chains, while mid-sized manufacturers are often the most structurally constrained. Both are essential to Canada's food security and economic growth. Strategic investment in processing capacity would strengthen Canada's ability to produce more food at home, improve productivity, create jobs and help stabilize food costs for Canadian consumers.

Second, modernize regulation without compromising safety. Canada's food safety system is a competitive advantage and a source of public trust. No one is asking the government to lower our standards. However, regulatory systems must be faster, more predictable, better aligned with trusted trading partners and more attentive to cumulative costs. Food security and affordability depend not only on safe food but also on a regulatory system that enables innovation, investment and timely access to products and technology. Expanding the Canadian Food Inspection Agency's mandate to consider economic competitiveness and food security alongside safety is a step in the right direction.

Third, strengthen the supply chains and workforce that food security depends on. That means investing in transportation infrastructure, improving trade corridor efficiency and reducing bottlenecks that increase costs and delay the movement of food across our country. It also means maintaining access to skilled workers through agricultural labour programs and creating stronger pathways to permanent residency for experienced workers in year-round agri-food occupations.

Local purchasing initiatives only succeed when there is sufficient local capacity to support affordable products. The best way to support local purchasing is to help Canadian manufacturers invest in their workers, expand production and move their goods efficiently to market.

Canada does not need to choose between global trade and local resilience. We need both: integrated North American supply chains and a stronger domestic manufacturing base that captures more value here at home. Food security will be achieved through investment, productivity, modern regulation, efficient supply chains, skilled workers and a whole-of-government commitment to strengthening Canada's agri-food economy.

The investment decisions that will shape Canada's food system for the next decade are being made right now. Too often, Canada is not winning in those decisions. At FHCP, our members want to build here, hire here and innovate here. They want to supply Canadians from Canadian facilities, but investment follows certainty. If Canada wants stronger food security, greater affordability and a more resilient economy, we must make this country one of the best places in the world to manufacture food.

Thank you, and I look forward to your questions.

The Chair Liberal Michael Coteau

Thank you very much.

Next we'll go to Ms. Proud.

Welcome back to the committee. You have five minutes.

Karen Proud President and Adjudicator, Office of the Grocery Sector Code of Conduct

Thank you, Mr. Chair and members of the committee, for the invitation to appear before you today. I also want to thank the committee for your continued interest in the work of the Office of the Grocery Sector Code of Conduct.

I had the opportunity to appear before this committee on two occasions last year during your study on the implementation of the code. I appreciate the opportunity to return and provide a bit of an update on the progress we have made since then.

The Canada grocery code is a voluntary industry-led initiative meant to provide shared principles and trade standards for stakeholders across the supply chain. The Office of the Grocery Sector Code of Conduct is the independent organization responsible for supporting the implementation of the grocery code, monitoring compliance with the code, providing education and guidance to industry participants and administering both a confidential issue-reporting process and a formal dispute resolution management process.

Since becoming operational, my office has worked closely with retailers, suppliers and industry associations across the country to support the implementation of the code and to promote greater consistency in commercial practices throughout the grocery supply chain.

The committee's current study is focused on food security in the face of global instability. While the grocery code is not a food security policy instrument, there are important connections between the objectives of the code and several of the issues being examined by the committee.

The code does not increase agricultural production, create processing capacity, establish trade policy or address infrastructure and labour challenges, nor does it regulate food prices or profit margins or require businesses to purchase Canadian products. Rather, the code is a framework intended to improve the way businesses work together by promoting fair dealing, transparency, predictability and accountability in commercial relationships within the grocery sector. These objectives may seem modest, but they are important foundations for a more resilient and more competitive food supply chain.

Investment and innovation are more likely to occur when businesses operate within a predictable commercial environment. Whether a company is considering investing in new equipment, expanding production capacity, introducing new products or entering new markets, confidence in commercial relationships is an important factor in those decisions. The code supports that confidence by establishing common expectations around issues such as written agreements, reasonable notice of changes, dispute resolution and the management of commercial disagreements.

Similarly, resilient supply chains depend on effective mechanisms for resolving issues when they arrive. Periods of disruption can place significant pressure on commercial relationships. Having clear expectations and established processes to address concerns can help businesses focus on solving problems rather than escalating disputes.

The code is also intended to support participation by businesses of all sizes. Through the code's dispute resolution and issue-reporting mechanisms, businesses have access to processes that can help address concerns and identify systemic issues affecting the sector. This contributes to a more transparent and predictable operating environment across the supply chain.

Over the past year, the office has continued to build these foundations. Membership in the office has grown to more than 200 organizations, representing retailers and suppliers from across Canada. We have established both confidential and formal mechanisms for raising concerns, and we have undertaken information-gathering exercises to better understand emerging challenges. We've issued guidance on two specific issues and created new opportunities for stakeholders to provide input into the ongoing evolution of the code.

Perhaps most importantly, we are beginning to see businesses engage proactively with the office to seek clarification, information and guidance. We are also seeing the code being used as a framework for commercial discussions and negotiations between members that have signed up to the code. These are encouraging signs that the code is helping to foster a culture of greater communication, transparency and problem-solving across the sector.

While it is still early in the implementation of the code, the experience to date suggests that clear standards, transparent processes and constructive dispute resolution can contribute to stronger commercial relationships and more resiliency in the grocery supply chain. Although the code is only one piece of a much broader food security landscape, its role is to help ensure that the businesses responsible for producing, processing, distributing and selling food in Canada are operating within a framework that supports predictability, trust and collaboration.

I look forward to discussing the committee's study further and answering any questions you might have.

Thank you.

The Chair Liberal Michael Coteau

Thank you very much.

Next we'll go to Mr. McCann.

It looks like you're at an airport, so thank you for joining us today.

Tyler McCann Managing Director, Canadian Agri-Food Policy Institute

I am. Your bells have impacted my ability to get to my two o'clock flight on time, but thank you for the invitation to be here today.

In Canada and around the world, the agriculture sector and the food system are under increasing pressure. That means it is important to reflect and act to protect Canadian farmers and consumers from the negative effects of this global policy.

It's important to start by acknowledging some important distinctions. Canada is—

The Chair Liberal Michael Coteau

I'm sorry, but I have to interrupt you. I've just been told that the interpretation is not working. We'll try testing it.

Your connection, sir, is not coming through properly. Can you try again?

12:45 p.m.

Managing Director, Canadian Agri-Food Policy Institute

Tyler McCann

Is this better now? Do I have the right settings for interpretation?

The Chair Liberal Michael Coteau

It might be a bad connection. That's two bad connections in one day. The connection is cutting in and out.

You can continue. If they can't do it, we'll have to stop.

Please go ahead, sir.

12:45 p.m.

Managing Director, Canadian Agri-Food Policy Institute

Tyler McCann

I understand.

I will go to my five recommendations.

First, as your recent BRM study has shown, Canada needs to evolve its approach to risk management. Policies and programs need to be reformed so that farms have more choice and have effective risk management tools.

Second, Canada needs to double down on agriculture innovation. Federal, provincial and territorial governments should commit to an agri-food innovation strategy at their meeting this summer.

Third, Canada needs to commit to a critical input strategy. While we think of Canada as fertilizer-secure, eastern Canada is a major importer, and we rely on imports of important inputs, like seed and chemistry. A starting point is to remove fertilizer tariffs, but Canada needs a more focused effort to increase production and to secure the supply of critical inputs.

Fourth, more needs to be done to support transportation infrastructure. The recent budget investments are an important step forward, but governments should be looking at the unique needs of the food supply chain, including cold storage to support food supply chain resilience.

Finally, governments should look at how they can leverage the procurement tools they have in order to support Canadian production. The national school food program would be a good place to start to ensure that Canadian governments are supporting Canadian food.

I will submit my full remarks, but I hope to have the opportunity to take questions.

The Chair Liberal Michael Coteau

Thank you very much. We appreciate your time.

We'll go to the Conservatives for six minutes.

Mr. Bonk, go ahead.