That's an excellent question, Ms. Stubbs. Thank you for that.
In the report in 2019 we lay out each of those really core areas—media influence, academic circles influence, political campaigns and politics influence. We've tried to break it down by sector, almost as you've enumerated, but we've also kept the number of recommendations in our 2019 report's review on foreign interference to a very small number—in fact, really two.
The recommendation is about this comprehensive strategy to counter foreign interference and build institutional and public resiliency. On page 109, in paragraph 297 of the 2019 report, we break it down. We talk about what has to be dealt with, sector by sector by sector: how it might be dealt with, including what the short- and long-term risks to Canadian institutions and the rights and freedoms posed by foreign interference are, and what the range of institutional vulnerabilities targeted by hostile foreign states is. It goes on to give a bit of a work plan for this pan-Canadian approach, which would be core to upping our game in this area.
The second major recommendation that I want to come to, with your forbearance or patience, is a recommendation that we've made twice in a row now to the government and the Prime Minister. That is that members of Parliament and senators should be briefed in detail on foreign interference activities to which they may be subject, immediately upon their swearing in and regularly thereafter. This is because, as one of your witnesses said in an earlier panel, many of us in elected public service life don't always understand what might be happening around us.
We've kept the recommendations down to two, and recommendation number 5, as it's called, is really a key breakdown, sector by sector.