I agree. There are actually now about 17 African countries that have had sustained growth and are doing fairly well. They are documented very nicely in a book by Steven Radelet, who is currently the chief economist at USAID. Prior to that, he helped set up the Millennium Challenge Corporation account, which uses the mechanism you are talking about.
I asked Steven what he thought of that argument. He said a couple of interesting things. One, that in some cases it's overstated. In a fair number of cases where aid just pours into a country—and I hate to say this, but I'm afraid Iraq and Afghanistan are going to be examples, particularly Afghanistan—where aid has flowed in at such levels, it has distorted the local price mechanism and acts like the natural resource curse. It acts like oil.
How do we avoid that? Well, in the case of Afghanistan, I'm not sure it could have been avoided, given the conflict situation. You have to build the local capacity. You have to get the business associations together and mobilize membership in order to really begin to see that demand for good governance occur.
Botswana is an excellent example of a country where this has happened. BOCCIM, the Botswana Confederation of Commerce, Industry and Manpower, took a really strong lead role, right from the very start, in demanding good, sound economic policies. It's a great example. It's right there in the centre of Africa—not the centre, but as a leading country.