I too look to NORAD for an indication of the level of threats for Russia and China, and it's not specific to the Arctic. I think one of the problems is that Canada treats the Arctic as being separate and apart from the rest of Canada, but it's fundamental to what Canada is.
What we're seeing, though, is that both countries, and especially Russia, have the capability to hit us. They don't need to come even close to our Arctic. It used to be the case that they had to come deep into Canadian territory before they could launch anything that might hit either southern Canada or the continental U.S. Now, that's no longer the case. They can launch missiles from deep in Russian territory.
That's why the Canadian government has done a few things, such as realign, or align the Canadian air defence identification zones. NORAD is undergoing a study called EVONAD, the “Evolution of North American Defence”. What we need to do in all cases, whether it's Russia, China, or whether it's any threat to North America, is to look up and out to try to stop the threat as far away from North America as possible.
Again, these are not discussions that are particular to the Arctic. In most cases, the Arctic is simply the avenue of an attack; it's not the destination of the attack. However, we cannot separate the Arctic from the rest of Canada.