Thank you so much for asking a methodological question, if I may.
I'll tell you how we do it. We try to be as systematic as possible, recognizing that it's very difficult to know exactly when these measures are effective. I've already mentioned that we differentiate by purpose. We look at coercion, constraint, and signalling separately. Within each, what we do is we first look at statements, either European Council statements or UN Security Council documents. In the case of Russia, we looked at statements made by leading officials to identify the core purposes of the sanctions. Sometimes sanctions aren't intended to change behaviour. For example, the sanctions of the counterterrorism regime were largely focused on constraining al Qaeda, and today ISIL, rather than persuading them to change their behaviour. In most cases, sanctions have simultaneously tried to coerce—