Yes, I think there were that many. I would say it started in the last ten years. A history course could be taught on the use of violence in Haitian politics. We need only think of the Tonton Macoutes during Duvalier's time, or the "chimères", the ghosts, for example. The use of violence in politics in Haiti is not a new phenomenon. As to its current manifestation, I can't give you a precise year, but we have seen the emergence of these gangs starting a decade ago. It is absolutely tragic.
You know this, since we talked about it at my last appearance, but I will repeat it for everyone's benefit: the area south of the capital is blocked, so no one can get out. That also means that the entire southern peninsula is blocked. The people in that area cannot come to Port-au-Prince, and so goods can't move, nor can assistance be delivered. The way out to the Dominican Republic, the road to Dajabón, has also been blocked for a year. We are 64 kilometres from the Dominican Republic here. Before, at least, we had the road going north, but for several months that has been extremely dangerous. I don't want to say it is blocked, but it too is virtually blocked. So the capital is surrounded. The only side that is not blocked is the sea.