Thank you very much for the question.
This is a challenge that's faced by all those who are making use of sanctions autonomously, and also in the United Nations as well. Mechanisms or tools to assess the effectiveness and impacts are not very well developed yet.
Nevertheless, there are methodologies out there that could be adapted, should those states wish to do so. In the absence of this, it's quite hard, with any confidence, to make an accurate assessment of the impacts of the sanctions.
As an aside, it's also incredibly difficult to do, methodologically, when it comes to proving causation over correlation, because there are so many complicated factors going on in any one context, particularly those where there is an armed conflict under way, or in the context of humanitarian emergencies as well.