We do not have a major update to the study, no, except this: One thing the study showed is that the Meta news.... We're talking about Meta's blocking the ability, not to post, but for Canadians to see the links to URLs directing them to content produced by Canadian journalism organizations on Instagram and Facebook.
I think you're right to say an important finding is that the primary way it was circumvented was by posting screenshots of news, not posting full links. This opens an interesting question—frankly, for the CRTC, probably not for this committee—of whether this puts Facebook back into the scope of the Online News Act.
Also, they started relying more and more on content produced by influencers, not journalists. This was the start of a trend that we've seen accelerate very rapidly. We have a recent study showing that there's more news content created and shared by influencers than there is by journalists in the Canadian ecosystem as a whole now. They've surpassed journalism, in fact, by a magnitude of 2:1. There is two times more news content—broadly defined—being produced by influencers than there is by journalistic organizations.
This was the case in the last federal election too, at a time when you would think content produced by journalistic organizations was at a premium for citizens.
Another major change that's happened since the study is that we've seen a shift toward distribution of news on other platforms. This was not the case in 2024. We saw an overall decline in total news consumption, across the ecosystem, when Meta blocked it. Now, a lot of it has moved to TikTok. There has been a real spike in news content being performed on and distributed through TikTok.