That's the key question here.
We need to understand that the irregular crossing problem in Canada, between official crossing points in the Canada-U.S. border, much like the European-Mediterranean problems, is not some floodgate that's opened up that's going to overwhelm the system. It may feel like that now because the volumes in 2017 were high. We had not really seen it before, and it is alarming to Canadians.
We need to recognize that policies work. The European-Mediterranean crisis, which became most famous during its sudden spike in 2015 and 2016, has not been a continuous problem. As I said, it began around 2003 and 2004, when certain visas became unavailable and the market was created. Then it stopped after about 2006 for a number of years, because policies working with sending and intermediary countries had succeeded in stopping the flow and then shifting the demand to more regular and legal pathways.
It picked up again around 2011 during the Arab Spring uprisings, when those agreements fell apart because the governments they'd negotiated with were in some cases being overthrown and there was a bit of a spike. Then it went back down to negligible levels.
Suddenly, in 2015 and 2016, during the Syrian war but also as a consequence of other things on the other side of the Mediterranean, there was a very large spike. Again in 2017 it was down, and now it's back down to regular levels.
It's still a level of movement we find unsustainable in Canada, but we need to recognize that there is a policy record of successfully reducing movement by creating different incentives, by negotiating with sending countries and so on. This is not something that countries can't deal with, compensate for or control.