We know there are two primary areas or targets, or “criminogenic factors”, as we call them, for intervention. One is their criminal associations and their social interactions. They have strong attachments. How to disengage them emotionally or in any other way from those affiliations is a major problem and a target for intervention—and a great challenge from a rehabilitation and correctional treatment perspective. The other area is attitudes, values, and beliefs, particularly those areas that are supportive and have a high tolerance for violations of the law.
So these two primary areas are common in many of our violence prevention or substance abuse programs, as well as any other kinds of focused or targeted rehabilitation programs we have.