You were saying borders and co-operative security—I'm not exactly clear. Are you asking how the collective security system is run in light of the fact that there are borders and issues of sovereignty and so on? Yes.
In many ways, we are seeing the erosion of the traditional notion of sovereignty in terms of security threats. For security threats, whether you're looking at transnational crime, terrorism, cyber-conflict, or global pandemics, they don't respect national borders. When we talk about supporting a multinational organization like NATO to confront these threats, there are going to be concerns among some member states that this could violate the principle of sovereignty, and some may see that as threatening.
In many respects, this trend of populist movements we see globally is a reaction to this type of globalization and the erosion of the principle of sovereignty. I think as responsible states that want to address these issues in a holistic and comprehensive way, we can only do that through partnerships and through multilateral organizations like NATO. No state is an island. Even the most powerful—the United States—cannot address these threats alone.