It’s difficult to give a number because these incidents can take different forms and be more or less aggressive, depending on the person being targeted. In the case of the Uyghur community, it can be extremely aggressive. In other cases, it can take other forms. Last December, for example, Amnesty International Canada was targeted by a cyberattack that likely came from China. The degree of involvement of the targeted actor varies, and the aggressiveness of the attack therefore does as well.
I think we’ve listed three countries that have so far targeted activists, NGOs or dissidents in Canada. Chronologically, the first was Saudi Arabia, which targeted a dissident living in Canada. That was brought to light by Citizen Lab at the time. Next was China, which targeted Uyghurs in particular and conducted operations against members of Falun Gong. More recently, we’ve started to see Iran doing similar things. It is currently suspected of conducting electronic espionage in relation to demonstrations.