Thank you, Madam Chair.
I want to thank the witnesses for their presentations and preparations for today's meeting, and for their work in the field. Obviously, we can use much of the information you provided, as others have said.
My first question is for Ms. Codsi.
You spoke passionately about Bill C-25. You seemed to say that we may not be going far enough. It would be a good step forward, but work would still need to be done.
You mentioned the need for legislation to increase the percentage of women on boards and executive committees of companies. Currently, women constitute 5% of CEOs and 15% of university board members. Minister Duncan also suggested the withdrawal of funding from universities that fail to increase the quota to over 15%.
We've heard witnesses say that we must shake up the system. Quotas have been mentioned, but the idea has been rather negatively received.
You spoke of research on the topic. I really want to look further at this area.
I'm very proud that women constitute 50% of the federal government's cabinet. These women are exceptional and highly qualified.
Why do people continue to say that quotas aren't necessary to shake up the system? What research do you have to try to change this mentality and make progress? You said that France planned to have women constitute 40% of board members in 2017. In Canada, women constitute about 15% of board members.
How can we shake up the system and make radical changes to increase this rate?