I can comment on the fact that the original Bill C-69, the Impact Assessment Act, created a tremendous amount of uncertainty with respect to project applications. It was a very lengthy process, very duplicative and repetitive. Much of the study that was done through the IAAC assessment process was then duplicated in the permitting system within the different departments, so it was a completely inefficient program.
Finally, some of the last-minute decision-making that could be made by ministers or cabinet at the eleventh hour ultimately resulted in concern from the private sector about being willing to invest in a process and a project with the uncertainty of something happening. Enbridge's northern gateway is a perfect example of that. They went through the entire process, years of the process, only to have the project rejected at the final minute. That was a bellwether of future potential applications. The private sector deemed Canada to be challenging.
