Evidence of meeting #7 for Foreign Affairs and International Development in the 43rd Parliament, 2nd Session. (The original version is on Parliament’s site, as are the minutes.) The winning word was israel.

A video is available from Parliament.

On the agenda

MPs speaking

Also speaking

Clerk of the Committee  Ms. Erica Pereira
Marta Morgan  Deputy Minister, Foreign Affairs, Department of Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development

3:35 p.m.

Liberal

The Chair Liberal Sven Spengemann

Respected colleagues, welcome to the seventh meeting of the Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Development.

Pursuant to the orders of reference from the House on April 20, 2020 and September 30, 2020, as well as the order of reference of the committee on October 13, 2020, the committee is meeting to resume consideration of votes 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, L25 and L30 under Department of Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development, vote 1 under International Development Research Centre, and vote 1 under International Joint Commission, Canadian Section.

To ensure an orderly meeting, as always, I would encourage participants to mute their microphones when they are not speaking, and address comments through the chair. When you have 30 seconds remaining in your questioning time, I will signal you with this yellow sheet of paper. Interpretation is available through the globe icon at the bottom of your screen.

I would now like to introduce the witness panel.

We first have the Honourable François-Philippe Champagne, Minister of Foreign Affairs.

Welcome, Minister.

He is joined by members of this team, including Marta Morgan, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs, and Anick Ouellette, Assistant Deputy Minister and Chief Financial Officer, Corporate Planning, Finance and Information Technology.

We are also joined by Elissa Golberg, assistant deputy minister, strategic policy; and Bruce Christie, associate assistant deputy minister, trade policy and negotiations.

Minister, I give you the floor for your opening remarks.

November 24th, 2020 / 3:35 p.m.

Saint-Maurice—Champlain Québec

Liberal

François-Philippe Champagne LiberalMinister of Foreign Affairs

Thank you, Mr. Chair.

Allow me to congratulate you on your election as chair. It's great to have you here as someone who knows the world well.

Mr. Chair, members of the committee, thank you for this invitation to appear before the Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Development.

Mr. Chair, you have introduced the officials joining me. I would like to thank them for their work, as well as all the diplomats in Ottawa and abroad serving Canadians with pride and professionalism.

My last appearance before the committee goes back to March 12, the day after the WHO declared the COVID-19 pandemic. Since then, the virus has increased international instability and amplified trends leading to the erosion of the world order.

We live in a time of great challenges. The COVID-19 pandemic is still causing loss of lives and uncertainty across the globe. Rapid change and ever-increasing humanitarian needs are challenging and pressuring the international system. Disregard of international law, including human rights, combined with a lack of accountability is threatening the rules-based international order, and the world is still faced with the ever-evolving fundamental threat of climate change.

With these great challenges come great responsibilities, and Canada is willing and ready to do its part and to lead. This is why we have been deeply engaged with our partners and friends around the world to develop solutions that work for the benefit of all and that advance Canada's interests and values. In March, it was difficult for all of us to imagine that in a matter of days Canada would undertake the repatriation of tens of thousands of Canadians from every corner of the globe, the largest such operation in Canada's history in peacetime.

There, Mr. Chair, I think I can speak on behalf of all parliamentarians. The work that has been done by our diplomats around the world and our staff here in Ottawa is just extraordinary. People have spent countless hours to help Canadians. This was one of the best things. Everyone worked hard, but I think Canadians are grateful to have the diplomats in a time of great need.

However, we must not forget that, beyond our borders, COVID-19 has disproportionately impacted the world's most vulnerable populations and has exacerbated inequality. As you heard from my colleague Minister Gould last week, that is why we have been working to alleviate suffering through humanitarian relief. This is not only the right thing to do but also the smart thing to do. Much is still unknown about this virus, but what we know for certain is that no one will be safe from the pandemic until everyone is safe.

Let me move on to our feminist foreign policy. We also need to ensure that our institutions work for everyone. A free press is essential to the protection of human rights, democracy and good governance. That is why I was so proud to co-host the 2020 media freedom conference with Botswana just a few days ago. Our feminist approach to foreign affairs also means promoting rights-based, open and inclusive societies where all people, regardless of their backgrounds or identities, can fully benefit from equal and meaningful participation in economic, political, social and cultural life.

Canadians know that this is the only way to build a safer and more prosperous world. We cannot take the rights of women for granted. In too many places around the world, women still find themselves fighting for their basic human rights. Just a few weeks ago, we celebrated the 20th anniversary of Resolution 1325 at the United Nations. Canada is proud to support and advance the women, peace and security agenda hand in hand with dedicated actors from around the world. Our feminist foreign policy white paper will anchor our core foreign policy conviction that all people should enjoy the same human rights and the same opportunities to succeed and fulfill their potential.

As Canadians, we have always understood that our influence is greatest when we work closely with our partners. Canada sits at the table of the world's most important international institutions, whether it's the G7, the G20, NATO, the OECD, the OSCE, La Francophonie or the Commonwealth. In all of those forums, we are resolved to advance Canadian values and interests while bringing about a more just and equitable world.

Now let me turn to the United States. We all know that Canada and the United States enjoy a truly unique relationship. Our shared geography, strong economic ties and deep personal connections have made us friends, partners and the closest of allies. Just as we work with the current administration and Mexico to renew the free trade agreement, we look forward to working closely with the new administration to tackle the major challenges of the day, such as keeping people safe throughout the pandemic, advancing peace and prosperity, and fighting climate change together.

Let me move on to China. Our relationship with China is a complex and multi-dimensional one, not just for Canada but for democracies around the world. Our approach is to be firm and smart. When dealing with China, we will be firmly guided by Canadian interests, our fundamental values and principles, including human rights, as well as by global rules and strategic partnerships. We will challenge China when it comes to human rights, compete with our innovative businesses and abundant natural resources that allow us to do so, and co-operate on global challenges like climate change, because there is no easy path forward without China.

Let me be clear. The safety and security of Canadians at home and abroad will always be at the heart of our approach. It has been almost two years since the arbitrary detention of Michael Kovrig and Michael Spavor, and we continue to call for their immediate release. I also want to acknowledge the resilience and support of their families at every step of the way. After many months, we recently secured on-site virtual consular access to Mr. Kovrig and Mr. Spavor. This—

3:45 p.m.

Liberal

Ruby Sahota Liberal Brampton North, ON

I have a point of order, Mr. Chair.

I'm sorry, Minister.

There's something wrong with the interpretation. It's coming out as French while he's speaking French.

3:45 p.m.

Liberal

The Chair Liberal Sven Spengemann

Okay.

Madam Clerk, can we have a look to see if that's something that's quickly solvable?

3:45 p.m.

Liberal

François-Philippe Champagne Liberal Saint-Maurice—Champlain, QC

I'll try to improve my French, Ruby, if it's coming in French when I speak French.

Mr. Chair, I'm at your disposal.

3:45 p.m.

Liberal

The Chair Liberal Sven Spengemann

Let's hear from the IT technicians for a moment to see if that's something that can be....

Should we just try to see if it's working now?

3:45 p.m.

The Clerk of the Committee Ms. Erica Pereira

Mr. Chair, it should be good to go.

3:45 p.m.

Liberal

The Chair Liberal Sven Spengemann

Okay.

Minister, let's see if it's working now. Please continue.

3:45 p.m.

Liberal

François-Philippe Champagne Liberal Saint-Maurice—Champlain, QC

Okay.

After many months, we recently secured on-site virtual consular access to Mr. Kovrig and Mr. Spavor. This is something that I personally raised in a meeting with my counterpart, State Councillor Wang Yi, in Rome in August of this year, and on which we worked tirelessly.

Like many Canadians, we are alarmed by the reports of flagrant human rights violations in Xinjiang. I discussed this issue directly with my Chinese counterpart just recently in Rome, this summer, at a meeting I called.

This is something I've also raised directly with Michelle Bachelet, the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. The concerns we have are shared by many around the world. Multilateralism is key to ensuring global stability and security in a world in which China is a powerful actor. This is why we are working with like-minded countries to defend the rules-based international order and ensure that China abides by its international obligations.

We are committed to developing new international frameworks and conventions that respond to today's challenges. One example is the successful conclusion of talks for the Canada-United Kingdom Trade Continuity Agreement, which was led by my very able colleague Minister Ng. This agreement will provide stability and predictability for businesses, exporters and workers in Canada and the United Kingdom. The pandemic highlights the importance of ensuring that supply chains remain open and that air travel is not altered for essential goods and services.

Canada is also committed to strengthening the world's institutions in order to strengthen global stability and respond to emerging threats. We have continued to engage partners and allies on the critical situation in Venezuela through our work in the Lima Group and continued high-level engagement with President Guaidó. Over the last several months, we have also witnessed the eruption of multiple political crises around the world. I will not be able to name all of them, but let me mention several situations of concern.

In Lebanon, in the wake of August's tragedy in Beirut, Canada immediately provided $30 million in humanitarian aid, and I personally travelled there. We continue to follow very closely the situation on the ground. We will continue to support the Lebanese people in the months to come.

When it comes to Belarus, we have rejected the results of the fraudulent presidential election in Belarus and continue to call for free and fair elections. Alongside allies, we have imposed three sets of sanctions against government officials of Belarus, and urge the government of Belarus to find a negotiated solution that respects the will of the people.

Now let me move to Nagorno-Karabakh.

We continue to work with our allies within the OSCE Minsk Group on finding a sustainable resolution in Nagorno-Karabakh.

I know that this committee has been briefed by my departmental officials on the region and on export permits. As you know, we have suspended a number of export permits to Turkey following the allegations that equipment sold by a Canadian company is being used in Nagorno-Karabakh. The export permits have been suspended in line with Canada’s robust export control regime, which is one of the world's more rigorous. We will continue to carefully scrutinize export permits to ensure that they are consistent with our legal obligations and the protection of human rights and international humanitarian laws.

Now let me move a bit further east, to Hong Kong.

We were the first to suspend our extradition treaty with Hong Kong. We announced a series of other steps in reaction to China imposing the National Security Law on Hong Kong.

Finally, Mr. Chair, let me turn to the tragedy of PS752. As we get close to the first anniversary of the downing, our thoughts remain with the families and friends of the victims. Our commitment to supporting the families of the victims to get all the answers they deserve is a priority for me and our government. To that end, we continue to stand firm for transparency, accountability, justice and reparation for the families of the victims. We also continue to lead the work of the international coordination group, which Canada founded, that includes the U.K., Ukraine, Sweden and Afghanistan. We will not rest until we see justice served and those responsible held to account.

In conclusion, the events of 2020 have demonstrated the importance of Canada's foreign policy. Today COVID-19 shows us that our fate is deeply intertwined with that of the community of nations. Tomorrow we know that the defining challenges of our time will only be solved through collective action on a scale never witnessed before.

As some countries turn away from the world and retreat to nationalist self-interest, we instead hold on to a different belief—the conviction that co-operation, partnership and multilateralism will carry the day. These beliefs have always underpinned Canada's relationship to the world. They will be guiding us as we face the challenges in the months and years to come and work to reform and strengthen the international order for generations to follow, to ensure security, stability and prosperity for all.

Mr. Chair, I'm happy to take questions. If you will allow me just 30 seconds to solve a technical issue at our end, we'll be ready to go.

3:50 p.m.

Liberal

The Chair Liberal Sven Spengemann

Sure. Please do.

Our first round of questions will go to Mr. Chong.

Mr. Chong, we will ask you to stand by for 30 seconds to address that issue, and then we will turn it right over to you.

3:50 p.m.

Conservative

Michael Chong Conservative Wellington—Halton Hills, ON

Thank you, Mr. Chair.

How much time do I have on my opening remarks?

3:50 p.m.

Liberal

The Chair Liberal Sven Spengemann

You have six minutes in your opening round.

3:50 p.m.

Conservative

Michael Chong Conservative Wellington—Halton Hills, ON

Thank you.

3:50 p.m.

Liberal

The Chair Liberal Sven Spengemann

Is everything okay, Minister?

3:50 p.m.

Liberal

François-Philippe Champagne Liberal Saint-Maurice—Champlain, QC

Yes, yes.

We had a bit of background noise at our end. We're fixing that now, and we will be duly ready to go.

I think we can start.

3:50 p.m.

Liberal

The Chair Liberal Sven Spengemann

Perfect.

Mr. Chong, the floor is yours for six minutes, sir.

3:50 p.m.

Conservative

Michael Chong Conservative Wellington—Halton Hills, ON

Thank you, Chair.

Thank you, Minister, for appearing in front of our committee. Congratulations on the Canada-United Kingdom trade agreement. We look forward to reviewing that text in greater detail.

I would like to ask you about Canada-China relations, specifically with respect to Hong Kong.

As you know, Minister, Commonwealth judges sit on Hong Kong's top court, including a Canadian judge. It has been reported today that foreign secretary Dominic Raab said yesterday that the U.K. is considering pulling its judges out of Hong Kong's highest court in response to China's violation of international law in Hong Kong, including the expulsion of duly elected legislators from the legislative council, the silencing of dissent and many other violations of law.

Dominic Raab said he has begun consultations with Lord Reed, President of the United Kingdom Supreme Court, about whether or not it is appropriate for British judges to sit as non-permanent members of the Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal.

As you know, in 2018, two years ago, the Honourable Beverley McLachlin was appointed to the Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal, the first Canadian jurist to be nominated to the post. Are you undertaking consultations with respect to the Honourable Beverley McLachlin?

3:55 p.m.

Liberal

François-Philippe Champagne Liberal Saint-Maurice—Champlain, QC

Mr. Chair, I would like to thank the Honourable Michael Chong for the question. That's part of a number of discussions that we have with our U.K. counterparts.

With respect to that, Mr. Chong, I am well aware of the issue. This is an issue that has been discussed, and views have been expressed. I have all the belief that Ms. McLachlin will make her own judgment and will take the right decision when it comes to her role on the court in Hong Kong.

3:55 p.m.

Conservative

Michael Chong Conservative Wellington—Halton Hills, ON

Are you consulting at all with any Canadian jurists on this issue?

3:55 p.m.

Liberal

François-Philippe Champagne Liberal Saint-Maurice—Champlain, QC

We have been discussing this issue, I would say mainly on a bilateral basis, as we discuss all issues about Hong Kong. I think what people need to know is that, as with all the steps you have seen, Canada and the U.K. have been in lockstep. I don't think there is one step that has been taken that has not been in consultation between Canada and the United Kingdom. I think that's what you would expect from us, and these consultations will be ongoing.

3:55 p.m.

Conservative

Michael Chong Conservative Wellington—Halton Hills, ON

As you know, Australian Judge James Spigelman resigned from the high court in September, citing concerns over the national security law imposed on the region by Beijing. This is not just of concern to the United Kingdom.

I would like to move on to a second issue, which is Air Canada and China. As you know, Canada's airlines are failing. WestJet and Air Canada have laid off 30,000 people and are losing tens of millions of dollars a day. The government has yet to come forward with an aid package. The majority of our G7 allies—France, Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom and the United States—have created financial relief packages for their airline sectors.

There are 12 flights a week from Chinese carriers into Canada. There are only two flights a week from Canadian air carriers, specifically Air Canada, into China. We are facing an unbalanced approach and a lack of reciprocity in the relationship.

When our allies faced the same situation, they took action. France and Germany faced a similar situation, and they took diplomatic action to ensure the reciprocity of flights, in both directions, in order to protect their air carriers. The United States took action under the treaty and under regulation to effect similar action to protect its air carriers.

What is the Canadian government doing to protect Air Canada and ensure there is a balance in the relationship, ensuring that Air Canada has a fighting chance of survival?

3:55 p.m.

Liberal

François-Philippe Champagne Liberal Saint-Maurice—Champlain, QC

Thank you, again, for the question.

I can assure you, Mr. Chong, having contributed to the repatriation of probably more than 100,000 Canadians on 500 flights, I probably spoke with the CEO of Air Canada more often than many people would imagine. We are in close contact.

I have always lent myself, with the Minister of Transport, to support any of our airlines in Canada that fly internationally, whether it's Air Canada or WestJet, and will continue to do so. If there was a specific request, we would certainly do so.

I think there's—

3:55 p.m.

Conservative

Michael Chong Conservative Wellington—Halton Hills, ON

The request by Air Canada is for the Canadian government to take diplomatic action to address this imbalance. There are only two Air Canada flights a week from Canada to China. We are allowing 12 flights a week from China into Canada. There is a lack of reciprocity here and it's hurting Air Canada's bottom line and they're losing tens of millions of dollars a day. They're asking for what has been done in places like France, Germany and the United States, where governments have insisted on reciprocity, such that if China is going to have 12 flights a week coming into Canada, then there should be 12 flights a week by Air Canada into China.

What actions has your government taken on that?

3:55 p.m.

Liberal

François-Philippe Champagne Liberal Saint-Maurice—Champlain, QC

I will be fighting at every step of the way, but I have not received any such requests and I speak to the CEO of Air Canada on an almost weekly basis.

3:55 p.m.

Conservative

Michael Chong Conservative Wellington—Halton Hills, ON

You ought to talk to your—